Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nervous system consists of?

A

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

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2
Q

What are the Division of the Nervous System?

A

Central and Peripheral Nervous system

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3
Q

What does the CNS consists of?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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4
Q

What does the PNS consists of?

A

nerve network throughout the body

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5
Q

What is the the nervous systems three essential roles?

A

Sensing, integrating and responding

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6
Q

What does sensing do?

A

the nervous system uses sense organs and nerve endings to detect stimuli or changes in both inside and outside the body

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7
Q

What does integrating do?

A

the nervous system processes the information received and determines what response is appropriate or determines what to do next

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8
Q

What does responding do?

A

once the information is processed and once the individual understands whats going on, action is required and the muscles will make action

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9
Q

What two cells make up the nervous system?

A

Neurons and Neuroglia

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10
Q

What are neurons?

A

they are like tiny messengers in the body. They help the body send messages to different parts of the body

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11
Q

What are Neuroglia?

A

the supportive cells of the nervous system. They make sure to protect the neurons.

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12
Q

What are Neuroglia also called?

A

glial cells

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13
Q

What are the 5 types of glial cells?

A

Oligodendrocytes, Shwann cell, Epyendmal cells, microglia and astrocytes

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14
Q

What do Oligindecytes do?

A

cover the outside of neurons. They create myelin in the central nervous system.

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15
Q

What do Shwann cells do?

A

create myelin in the peripheral nervous system

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16
Q

What do Epyendemal cells do?

A

lines spinal cord and the cavities of the brain.

17
Q

What do Microglia do?

A

primary immune defense of CNS

18
Q

What do Astrocytes do?

A

they form bbb, they are star shaped glial cells and they provide nutrient support to neurons, help repair damaged nervous system tissue, regulates communication between neurons

19
Q

cWhat Neuroglia cells are apart of the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Microglia
Astrocytes

20
Q

What is BBB?

A

semipermeable membrane that exists throughout the brain

21
Q

What does BBB do?

A

It allows small molecules (like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water) to diffuse across to the brain but blocks larger molecules.
Protects the brain from harmful or foreign substances

22
Q

What 3 parts is the neuron made of?

A

the cell body and two extensions called the axon and dendrite

23
Q

What does the cell body do?

A

Control center of the neuron and it contains the nucleus which controls the entire neuron and holds its DNA

24
Q

What do the dendrites do?

A

are like branches of a tree and receives messages from other neurons and transmits it to the cell body

25
Q

what does the axon do?

A

carries messages away from the cell body

26
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

consists of mainly lips. It protects the axon so that way the speeding up process of transmitting electrical signals goes faster

27
Q

What does synaptic knob do?

A

end of the axon and releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons

28
Q

What are neurotransmitters do?

A

They are chemicals that help neurons communicate with each other and with other cells in the body

29
Q

What cells make the myelin sheath in the PNS?

A

Swhann cells

30
Q

What is the outer layer of myelin sheath in the PNS called

A

neurilemma

31
Q

What does neurilemma do?

A

responsible and key for regeneration which helps an injured nerve to grow back

32
Q

What is the myelin sheath made of in the CNS? and does it have neurilemma?

A

formed by oligodendrocytes and it has no neurilema

33
Q

Which neurons detect sensations (such as touch or heat) and relay information about the stimuli to the central nervous system?

A

Afferent neurons

34
Q

When something happens, like you touch something hot, sensory neurons send a message to the?

A

Interneurons

35
Q

What do the interneurons do?

A

The interneurons figure out what to do next and send the message to the motor neurons, so they know how to respond

36
Q

What are efferent neurons?

A

motor neurons that relay or pass messages from the brain to muscles and gland cells

37
Q

What is the membrane potential? and this creates what?

A

when more negative ions are inside the cell and more positive ions are outside the cell. This creates a negative resting membrane potential.

38
Q
A