Nervous system Flashcards
What does the nervous system consists of?
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What are the Division of the Nervous System?
Central and Peripheral Nervous system
What does the CNS consists of?
Brain and Spinal Cord
What does the PNS consists of?
nerve network throughout the body
What is the the nervous systems three essential roles?
Sensing, integrating and responding
What does sensing do?
the nervous system uses sense organs and nerve endings to detect stimuli or changes in both inside and outside the body
What does integrating do?
the nervous system processes the information received and determines what response is appropriate or determines what to do next
What does responding do?
once the information is processed and once the individual understands whats going on, action is required and the muscles will make action
What two cells make up the nervous system?
Neurons and Neuroglia
What are neurons?
they are like tiny messengers in the body. They help the body send messages to different parts of the body
What are Neuroglia?
the supportive cells of the nervous system. They make sure to protect the neurons.
What are Neuroglia also called?
glial cells
What are the 5 types of glial cells?
Oligodendrocytes, Shwann cell, Epyendmal cells, microglia and astrocytes
What do Oligindecytes do?
cover the outside of neurons. They create myelin in the central nervous system.
What do Shwann cells do?
create myelin in the peripheral nervous system
What do Epyendemal cells do?
lines spinal cord and the cavities of the brain.
What do Microglia do?
primary immune defense of CNS
What do Astrocytes do?
they form bbb, they are star shaped glial cells and they provide nutrient support to neurons, help repair damaged nervous system tissue, regulates communication between neurons
cWhat Neuroglia cells are apart of the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Ependymal Cells
Microglia
Astrocytes
What is BBB?
semipermeable membrane that exists throughout the brain
What does BBB do?
It allows small molecules (like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water) to diffuse across to the brain but blocks larger molecules.
Protects the brain from harmful or foreign substances
What 3 parts is the neuron made of?
the cell body and two extensions called the axon and dendrite
What does the cell body do?
Control center of the neuron and it contains the nucleus which controls the entire neuron and holds its DNA
What do the dendrites do?
are like branches of a tree and receives messages from other neurons and transmits it to the cell body
what does the axon do?
carries messages away from the cell body
What does the myelin sheath do?
consists of mainly lips. It protects the axon so that way the speeding up process of transmitting electrical signals goes faster
What does synaptic knob do?
end of the axon and releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons
What are neurotransmitters do?
They are chemicals that help neurons communicate with each other and with other cells in the body
What cells make the myelin sheath in the PNS?
Swhann cells
What is the outer layer of myelin sheath in the PNS called
neurilemma
What does neurilemma do?
responsible and key for regeneration which helps an injured nerve to grow back
What is the myelin sheath made of in the CNS? and does it have neurilemma?
formed by oligodendrocytes and it has no neurilema
Which neurons detect sensations (such as touch or heat) and relay information about the stimuli to the central nervous system?
Afferent neurons
When something happens, like you touch something hot, sensory neurons send a message to the?
Interneurons
What do the interneurons do?
The interneurons figure out what to do next and send the message to the motor neurons, so they know how to respond
What are efferent neurons?
motor neurons that relay or pass messages from the brain to muscles and gland cells
What is the membrane potential? and this creates what?
when more negative ions are inside the cell and more positive ions are outside the cell. This creates a negative resting membrane potential.
