Module 3-Cells and the Microbiome Flashcards
what are the 5 types of cells?
Nerve cells, muscle cells, red blood cells, gland cells and immune cells
What are nerve cells?
they are long extensions that allow cells to transmit electrical impulses from one part of the body to another
What are muscle cells?
is what make your body move. They are elongated, thread-like fibres
What are red blood cells?
they are donut shaped. This shape helps them squeeze through tiny blood vessels and deliver oxygen to the parts of the body
What are gland cells?
it stores and releases substances such as hormones, enzymes, mucus and sweat
What are immune cells?
these cells are like the defenders of the body. They fight off sicknesses and destroy things like bacteria, germs and fungi
What is the plasma membrane and what is it made of?
It surrounds the cell and it determines what comes in and out of the cell. It is made up of cholestrol, proteins, and lipids
What is mitochondria?
it is known as the powerhouse of the cell and it provides energy the cell needs
What is ribosomes?
they create proteins for the cell which are used to repair any damage caused
What is the nucleus?
it is the cells control center. It makes sure the cell manages to use its function properly
Does the nuclues contain all the cells genetic information?
Yes
What is inside the nucleus?
Chromosomes called Dna. It contains all the information needed to build and run the cell
What is cyptoplasm?
it is a gel like substance that fills up the space between the plasma membrane and the nuclues. it fills up the rest of the cell
What is lyosomes?
gets rid of waste material the cell does not need. It helps breakdown protein the cell does not need.
What is golgi appratus?
they are vesicles that transport protein. It receives proteins from the ER and prepares them to send it to other parts of the body
What is Endoplasmic Reticlum?
it helps make sure that proteins and fats are produced or made, packaged and sent to the right places in the cell where its needed
Why is the cell membrane selectively permable?
It’s because some substances pass through the cell while others cant
What is passive transport?
It requires no energy. It includes diffusion, osmoisis, filiration and facilitated diffusion
What is diffusion?
it involves movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
What is diffusion driven by?
it is driven by concentration gradient. Its like a driving force that influences the movement of substances
What is filiteration?
causes by differences in pressure. It uses pressure gradients to force liquids and small solutes through a membrane
What is osmosis pressure?
the pressure that develops from osmosis
What is osmoisis?
Osmoisis is the movement of water. Its like diffusion except its the water that comes into and out of the cell.
What does osmosis help with?
Osmosis helps if things or substances or even a solute cant pass through the membrane. The osmosis helps it get into the cell.
If the cell needs water who comes in the picture?
Osmosis
What is active transport?
solutes go from low concentration to high concentration
What types of active transport is found in the cell?
active transport pump, phagotycysis, pincytosis, exocytisis
What is isotonic?
water moves into and out of the cell at the same rate. It has the same amount of salt in and outside of the cell so it doesnt require movement.
what is hypertonic?
when the cell loses water- it shrinks- it has more salt. If theres too much salt in the cell, water moves out because it bad for it.
What is hypotonic?
water flows into the cell- the cell will swell up and it will burst called lysis. It has less salt in the cell
What is DNA
Itc arries the genetic information of a cell
Where is DNA located?
the nucleus
What is the two processes in protein syntesis?
Transcription and translation
What are the stages in the cell cylcle?
First gap phase, sysnthesis phase, second gap phase, and mitotic phase
what is microbiome?
*Microbiome is the good bacteria and if you have the bad bacteria, you will get sick
How is microbiome developed?
The first step into building microbiome occurs before birth
What are factors that can improve microbiome?
Excercising, spending time outdoors, eating a plat based diet and taking prebiotics
What are threats to microbiome?
Stress, smoking high fat and high sugar diet
