Module 8- Overview of blood, cardiovascular and respiratory systems Flashcards
What are the main functions and components of blood?
Plasma formed elements, buffy coat
What makes 55% of blood?
Plasma
What makes 45% of blood?
Elements like blood cells, platelets, and erythrocytes
What makes 1% of blood?
Buffy Coat. Elements like leukocytes like white blood cells and platelets which are on top of the red blood cells.
What is plasma?
It is the liquid part of blood.
Where is the heart located?
The heart lies in the thoracic cavity in the mediastinum and sits behind the ribs
What are the names of the upper 2 chambers of the heart?
The two upper chambers are called atriums
What are the names of the lower 2 chambers of the heart?
the two lower chambers are called the ventricles
Why are walls of the ventricles thicker than the walls of the atria?
The walls of the ventricles are more thick because they need to pump blood to the entire body and out of the heart.
What are the names of the great vessels that transport blood to and from the heart?
The superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary artery, four pulmonary veins and the aorta
What are arteries?
Carry blood away from the heart, branch into smaller arteries called arterioles
What are veins?
Returns blood to the heart
What are capillaries?
Connect the arterioles to the smallest veins, called venules.
What are the coronary vessels?
supplies the heart itself with blood
What is the main function of capillaries?
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that make sure your body gets what it needs and gets rid of what it doesn’t.
Their job is to exchange important stuff, like nutrients and waste, between your blood and your body’s tissues.
Explain the steps in blood flow through the heart:
- Deoxygenated blood enters right atrium through superior and inferior vena cava
- Blood enters right ventricle through tricuspid valve
- Blood exits right ventricle through pulmonary valve and enters pulmonary artery
- Left and right pulmonary arteries send blood to the lungs, where gas exchange occurs
- Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium
- Blood enters left ventricle through mitral valve
- Blood exits left ventricle through through aortic valve to enter the aorta
- Blood enters to the aorta and the aorta distributes blood to the body
What type of blood flows through the right side of the heart?
Low oxygen blood.
Where does low oxygen go?
Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cavas
The triscupid valve opens and The blood enters the right ventricle. After that the triscupid valve closes to prevent backflow.
The right ventricle contracts and this causes the pulmonary valve to open. After the right ventricle empties, the pulmonary valve closes. Then the blood goes to the pulmonary artery
Lungs: The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide through the process of gas exchange.
What type pf blood flows through the left side of the heart?
oxygenated blood
Where does oxygenated blood go?
Left Atrium: Oxygenated blood returns to the heart from the lungs through the pulmonary veins, and it enters the left atrium.
Left Ventricle: From the left atrium, the blood moves into the left ventricle.
Aorta: The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood out of the heart through the aorta, the body’s largest artery.
Body: The aorta carries the oxygenated blood to all parts of the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues.
Is there a connection between the right and left side of the heart?
The connection between both sides is the pulmonary circulation connects the right side of the heart, which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, with the left side of the heart, which receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body
The heart has its own vascular system to keep it supplied with oxygenated blood. What is the name of this vascular system?
cornary circulation
What is another name of the white blood cells?
leukocytes
What is the main function of the white blood cells? Do they have a nucleus?
Their main function is to protect the body from pathogens and they have a nucleus.
What is another name for red blood cells? What is their function? Do they have a nucleus?
Another term for red blood cells is erythrocytes and their main function is it delivers oxygen from the lung and it carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs. It has no nucleus nor mitosis.
How do red blood cells carry oxygen (what molecule does it bind to)?
Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen primarily by binding to a molecule called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin gives blood its colour
What is another name for platelets? What is their function?
Platelets is also called thrombocytes. Platelets play a key role in stopping bleeding.
What are the main blood types?
The main blood types are Blood type a, Blood type B, Blood type AB and Blood type O
What do the blood Types A, B, AB and O refer to?
Blood type A means you have A antigen. Blood type B means you have B antigens. Blood type AB means you have both A and B antigens. Blood type O means you have neither antigens.
What types of antibodies to Type A, B, AB and O have in their blood?
Blood type A has anti-B antibodies, Type B blood has anti A antibodies, Type AB blood has no antibodies and Type O blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
the upper respiratory tract consists of structures located outside the thoracic cavity; this
includes
the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharnx, and laryngopharynx
The lower respiratory tract consists of structures located inside the thoracic cavity; these
include
trachea, bronchi, lungs
The pharynx has three regions, what are they?
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.
What is the role of the epiglottis?
it helps us breathe during swallowing
Where is the trachea found, and what is its role?
it lies in front of the esophagus. the trachea is like the airway highway in your throat that helps you breathe, protects itself from collapsing, and keeps the air you breathe in clean.
What does the trachea branch off into?
it bracnhes off into the bronchi Which then continues to branch into smaller tubes called bronchioles, allowing air to reach all parts of the lungs for gas exchange.
What is the role of the alveoli?
Aveoli is the site where gas exchange occurs. Its where oxygen goes into the blood and c02 goes into the lungs.
By what process does oxygen move into the alveoli?
diffusion
What is the main muscle responsible for pulmonary ventilation?
diaphragm
What happens to the respiratory muscles during inspiration?
During inspiration, it elevates the chest or increases the size of the chest.
What happens to the respiratory muscles during expiration?
During expiration, the respiratory muscles relax, allowing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to be pushed out of the lungs.
what is pulmonary ventilation?
Pulmonary ventilation is simply breathing in and out
What role do intrapulmonic pressure and atmospheric pressure play in breathing?
when we breathe, we’re using pressure differences to suck air into our lungs when we breathe in and push it out when we breathe out!
Which heart valve controls the flow of blood between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
mitral valve
Which great vessel supplies blood to the right atrium?
Superior and inferior vena cava
What is the correct progression of blood through the heart and lungs?
R atrium, right ventricle, lungs, L atrtium, left ventricle
The purpose of the epiglottis is
to prevent food from entering the lower respiratory tract
Air is warmed and moistened in the _____?
Nasal Cavity