Module 7-Overview of the Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the name of the chemicals that glands secrete that influence almost every cell and
organ in the
body?
Glands
What is the difference between the endocrine system and the exocrine system?
The endocrine system and the exocrine system is how they release their hormones. The endocrine release their hormones into the blood stream. Exocrine release their glands into ducts.
Where is the pituitary gland found?
The pituitary gland is just below the hypothalamus.
What connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?
A stalk called the infundibulum connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
What are the names of the two distinct glands that make up the pituitary gland?
The anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary.
What are the hormones of the anterior pituitary?
TSH, GH, Prolactin, LH, ACTH, FSH
What does TSH do?
it tells the thyroid what to do. Textbook definiton: stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone
What does GH do?
influences our height and helps our bones and muscles. It also influences our metabolism.
What is the textbook definition for GH
Acts on the entire body to promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and bone and skeletal muscle growth.
What does Prolactin do?
it helps produce breast milk or its a milk maker. When a woman is pregnant, prolactin levels rise and after giving birth, it helps their body produce milk to feed the baby.
What is the textbook definition of Prolactin?
Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in females
What does LH do?
a special signal that helps both boys and girls’ bodies with important things related to growing up and having babies in the future.
What does ACTH do?
the messenger that tells your adrenal glands to release cortisol or corticosteroids to help your body cope with stress
What does FSH do?
FSH is like the helper hormone that makes sure everything is ready for making babies when you grow up.
What does FSH do for girls?
FSH tells the ovaries, which are part of a girl’s body, to grow and release eggs. These eggs are tiny and live inside small sacs called follicles in the ovaries.
What does FSH do for boys?
FSH helps the testicles, which are part of a boy’s body, to make sperm. Sperm are the tiny cells that can join with a girl’s egg to make a baby
What is the difference between the anterior and posterior pituitary?
The difference between the anterior and posterior gland is that the anterior gland release hormones under the direction of the hypothalamus. The posterior gland on the other hand, It doesn’t make hormones and stores them. It will release them if the hypothalamus triggers it to release them. The hormones are made by the hypothalamus and the posterior gland stores them.
What hormones are stored in the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin and ADH
What is Oxytocin functions?
Oxytocin- a hormones that can cause the muscles in the uterus to tighethen or contract. This tighteing helps push the baby out the bith canal when its time for a baby to be born.
What does Antidiuretic Hormone do?
it helps the body to hold onto water and makes sure humans dont pee to much of it. Its a little messenger that tells your kidneys to save water instead of letting it all out as pee.
Where is the thyroid gland found?
located in the neck and it is below the trachea
Is the thyroid gland the largest endocrine gland?
Ouiiii
What hormones are produced by the thyroid?
The thyroid gland produces 2 hormones called the t3 (triiodothyronine) and t4 ( thyroxine).
What does t3 and t4 do?
it plays a part in controlling the body’s metabolism rate or it increases the metabolic rate.
Where are the Parathyroid glands found?
located at the back of the thyroid gland
What type of hormone does the parathyroid secrete?
PTH
What does PTH
PTH acts to increase the blood calcium. When the body has low blood calcium, PTH increases it. If calcium levels are low, this can affect our heart muscle.
Where is the thymus gland found?
The thymus lies in the mediastinum or is located in the middle of the chest just beneath the sternum.
What is the sternum?
a flat bone in the middle of the chest that protects the heart.
Where are the adrenal glands found?
The adrenal glands are on top of the kidneys and there are two of them. One is on the right kidney and one is on the left kidney
What are the 2 main parts of the adrenal gland?
The two main parts of the adrenal glands is the adrenal medulla which the inner portion and adrenal cortex which is the outer portion.
What does norepinephrine do?
Norepinephrine helps keep you awake, focused, and ready to handle whatever comes your way, especially when things get stressful.
What does aldosterone do?
It helps control the balance of water and salts in the kidney by keeping sodium in and releasing potassium from the body.
What does cortisol do?
Cortisol or glucocorticoid helps the body to adapt and react to stress. It also repairs damaged tissue by including the breakdown of fat and protein.
Where is the pancreas located?
lies just behind the stomach
what is the main functions of the pancreas?
regulate your blood sugar levels and appetite, stimulate stomach acids, and tell your stomach when to empty.
What hormone do alpha cells of the pancreas secrete, and what is this hormone’s role?
The alpha cells make glucagon. The main role of glucagon is to raise blood sugar levels when they are too low.
What hormone do beta cells of the pancreas secrete, and what is this hormone’s role?
The beta cells make insulin. The main role of insulin is lower high blood sugar to fall because it wants to make sure that our blood sugar is balanced. High blood sugar can lead to diabetes
Release of insulin stimulates storage of glucose in the liver in what form?
Glyogen
Function of cortisol
helps the body adapt to stress, has anti-inflammatory tract and mobilizes energy stored in fats.
Which cells in the pancreas produce insulin?
beta cells of the pancreatic islets
The type of hormone that uses receptors and second messengers to act on a cell are called…
non-steroid hormones
Which 2 hormones work together to maintain calcium balance in the body?
Calcitonin and PTH
Which area of the adrenal gland functions as part of the sympathetic nervous system?
The adrenal medulla
This hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the release of cortisol by the adrenal cortex
Adrenocorticorptic hormones
What is another name for oxytocin?
The love hormone as it is realeased when you are sexually aroused
What gland produces calcitonin
Thyroid Gland
What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the body?
Prompts the kidneys to reabsorb water
What hormone is secreted in response to LOW blood calcium levels?
parathyroid
