Module 10- Urinary system, Fluids, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
What are the structures of the urinary system?
the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
Where are the kidneys found?
set against the posterior abdominal wall and it’s underneath the 12th rib
What is the name of the inner region of the kidney?
The medulla
What is the name of the outer region of the kidney?
cortex
What is the role of the nephrons, and where are they primarily found?
Nephrons are responsible for both cleaning your blood and producing urine. They are also known as the filtration units in the kidneys. They primarily lie in the kidneys outer region or the renal cortex.
What are the 2 main components of the renal corpuscle?
The main components of the renal corpuscle is the glomerus and bowmans capsule.
Which component filters blood plasma?
the glomerulus
In which part of the nephron is urine formed?
The part of the nephron where urine is produced is the renal tubule.
What are the 4 regions of the renal tubule?
The four regions of the renal tubule is the proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
What do these regions of the renal tubule do?
These four regions work together to clean blood and make urine by taking out what the body does not need and keeping what it does.
What is the role of the urinary bladder?
The main role of the urinary bladder is the bladder stores urine until it can be eliminated through the urethra.
What are the ureters and where are they found?
the ureters are like highways that carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder, helping to keep your urinary system working smoothly. The ureters connect the renal pelvis of each kidney with the bladder.
What is the role of the urethra?
When your bladder is full and you need to urinate, the urethra allows urine to pass from the bladder out of your body.
What is intracellular fluid? How much of total body fluid does it make up?
Intracellular fluid is the fluid found inside the cells of your body. They make up 65% of body fluid
What is extracellular fluid? How much of total body fluid does it make up?
Extracellular fluid is the fluid found outside the cells in your body. They make up 35% of body fluid.
What are the types
of extracellular fluid and what makes up each?
Lymph and plasma
Transcellular fluid
What are electrolytes?
Electrocytes are charged particles or ions. They have an electric charge and drive chemical reactions.
What are the major cations in the body?
The major cations in the body are sodium, potassium, calcium and hydrogen. They have a positive charge
What are the major anions in the body?
The major anions are chloride, bicarbonate and phosphates. They have a negative charge
Where is sodium mostly found?
sodium is mostly found outside the cells. Sodium is also found in the extracellular fluid
Where is potassium mostly found?
Potassium is found in the inside of the cells and it is also found in intracellular fluid.
Why is calcium balance so important?
Calcium strengthens bones, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting.
What hormones help to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body?
ADH, aldosterone, and prolactin
What is normal ph range of the blood?
7.35-7.45
What physiological buffers help to maintain pH balance?
the urinary system and the respiratory system
What chemical buffers help to maintain pH balance?
the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system and the protein buffer system.
What is respiratory acidosis/alkalosis?
Respiratory acidosis happens when there’s too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This can lead to hypoventaliation which is breathing too slowly
Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there’s too little carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This can lead to hyperventailation which is breathing too fast
What is metabolic acidosis/alkalosis?
metabolic acidosis is when you have to much acid and alkalosis, it occurs when there’s too much of something that makes your body more basic or alkaline
What effects do high breathing rate and low breathing rate have on blood pH?
High breathing rate (hyperventilation) and
Low breathing rate (hypoventilation)
How do the kidneys help regulate blood pH?
the kidneys help balance the blood pH by getting rid of acids and bases from the blood and getting rid of them in the urine and back to the bloodstream
What are the filtration units of the kidney?
Nephrons
