Module 10- Urinary system, Fluids, Electrolytes and Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

What are the structures of the urinary system?

Answer 1

the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

Question 2

Where are the kidneys found?

Answer 2

set against the posterior abdominal wall and it’s underneath the 12th rib

Question 3

What is the name of the inner region of the kidney?

Answer 3

The medulla

Question 4

What is the name of the outer region of the kidney?

Answer 4

cortex

Question 5

What is the role of the nephrons, and where are they primarily found?

Answer 5

Nephrons are responsible for both cleaning your blood and producing urine. They are also known as the filtration units in the kidneys. They primarily lie in the kidneys outer region or the renal cortex.

Question 6

What are the 2 main components of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 6

The main components of the renal corpuscle is the glomerus and bowmans capsule.

Question 7

Which component filters blood plasma?

Answer 7

the glomerulus

Question 8

In which part of the nephron is urine formed?

Answer 8

The part of the nephron where urine is produced is the renal tubule.

Question 9

What are the 4 regions of the renal tubule?

Answer 9

The four regions of the renal tubule is the proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.

Question 10

What do these regions of the renal tubule do?

Answer 10

These four regions work together to clean blood and make urine by taking out what the body does not need and keeping what it does.

Question 11

What is the role of the urinary bladder?

Answer 11

The main role of the urinary bladder is the bladder stores urine until it can be eliminated through the urethra.

Question 12

What are the ureters and where are they found?

Answer 12

the ureters are like highways that carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder, helping to keep your urinary system working smoothly. The ureters connect the renal pelvis of each kidney with the bladder.

Question 13

What is the role of the urethra?

Answer 13

When your bladder is full and you need to urinate, the urethra allows urine to pass from the bladder out of your body.

Question 14

What is intracellular fluid? How much of total body fluid does it make up?

Answer 14

Intracellular fluid is the fluid found inside the cells of your body. They make up 65% of body fluid

Question 15

What is extracellular fluid? How much of total body fluid does it make up?

Answer 15

Extracellular fluid is the fluid found outside the cells in your body. They make up 35% of body fluid.

Question 16

What are the types
of extracellular fluid and what makes up each?

Answer 16

Lymph and plasma
Transcellular fluid

Question 17

What are electrolytes?

Answer 17

Electrocytes are charged particles or ions. They have an electric charge and drive chemical reactions.

Question 18

What are the major cations in the body?

Answer 18

The major cations in the body are sodium, potassium, calcium and hydrogen. They have a positive charge

Question 19

What are the major anions in the body?

Answer 19

The major anions are chloride, bicarbonate and phosphates. They have a negative charge

Question 20

Where is sodium mostly found?

Answer 20

sodium is mostly found outside the cells. Sodium is also found in the extracellular fluid

Question 21

Where is potassium mostly found?

Answer 21

Potassium is found in the inside of the cells and it is also found in intracellular fluid.

Question 22

Why is calcium balance so important?

Answer 22

Calcium strengthens bones, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting.

Question 23

What hormones help to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body?

Answer 23

ADH, aldosterone, and prolactin

Question 24

What is normal ph range of the blood?

Answer 24

7.35-7.45

Question 25

What physiological buffers help to maintain pH balance?

Answer 25

the urinary system and the respiratory system

Question 26

What chemical buffers help to maintain pH balance?

Answer 26

the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system and the protein buffer system.

Question 27

What is respiratory acidosis/alkalosis?

Answer 27

Respiratory acidosis happens when there’s too much carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This can lead to hypoventaliation which is breathing too slowly
Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there’s too little carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This can lead to hyperventailation which is breathing too fast

Question 28

What is metabolic acidosis/alkalosis?

Answer 28

metabolic acidosis is when you have to much acid and alkalosis, it occurs when there’s too much of something that makes your body more basic or alkaline

Question 29

What effects do high breathing rate and low breathing rate have on blood pH?

Answer 29

High breathing rate (hyperventilation) and
Low breathing rate (hypoventilation)

Question 30

How do the kidneys help regulate blood pH?

Answer 30

the kidneys help balance the blood pH by getting rid of acids and bases from the blood and getting rid of them in the urine and back to the bloodstream

Question 31

What are the filtration units of the kidney?

Answer 31

Nephrons