Module 12-Overview of the Muscular and Skeletal Systems Flashcards
Explain the following functions of bone:
Shape
Shape: Bones give the body its structure
support
The bones of the legs, pelvis, and vertebral column support and hold it upright.
Protection
Bones protect the internal organs such as the heart, lungs, brain and spinal cord
Movement
Movement of the arms and legs as well as the ability to breathe results from the interaction between the muscles and bones.
Electrolyte Balance
Bones store and release minerals such as calcium and phosphorus
Blood Production
The bones surrounds and protect the bone marrow which creates blood cells
Acid-Base balance
Bone absrobs and releases alkaline salts to help maintain a stable pH.
Example of long bones
The femur of the thigh and the humorous of the thigh
Example of Short Bones
carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the ankle
Example of flat bones
the skull, ribs and breastbones
Example of irregular bones
Vertebrae and facial bones or the cheeks
What is bone or bone tissue also called?
Osseous tissue
What is osteoblasts?
helps form the bone and it produces new bones
What is osteoclasts?
breakdown and dissolves unwanted bones or old bones that are unhealthy
What is osteocytes?
It is embedded in the matrix of the bone. It controls both the osteoblasts and osteoclasts and they release calcium
What is Red Marrow?
Produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.
Is Red marrow found in children?
Yes
What is Yellow Marrow?
Yellow marrow is found in most adults and it stores in fats storage.
What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column and where are they located?
Cervical vertebrae- 7 vertebrae- the neck
Throacic vertebrae- 12 Vertebrae- chest area
Lumbar vertebrae- 5 vertbrae- lower back
Sacrum- 5 vertebrae- inferior end and tailbone
Coccyx- 4 vertebrae- inferior end
What are the 3 main regions of joints?
Fibrous Joints, Cartilaginous Joints and
Synovial Joints
What is Synarthrotic joints (fibrous)? Examples
These are bound by fibres and they are fixed bones which means they dont move
Examples: the bones of the skull
Cartilaginous Joints or amphiarhtroses and examples
They are slightly moveable but stable
examples: symphysis pubis
Synovial Joints- also called the diarthroses
These are freely moveable joints
Allows humans to move around. Ex: knee joints, joints in the fingers
What are the structures of the synovical joint?
Artucular cartilage, joint capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and ligments
What does articular cartilage do?
It helps reduce friction and allows for smooth movement between the bones.
What does joint capsule do?
helps hold the bones together, providing stability to the joint.
What does synovial membrane do?
produces synovial fluid, a thick, slippery liquid that lubricates the joint and reduces friction between the bones.
What does synovial fluid do?
lubricates the joint and allowing the bones to move smoothly against each other.
What do ligaments do?
connects bones to each other around the joint. They help stabilize the joint and prevent excessive movement.
What are the types of synovial joints?
Gliding joint, Ball and socket, Saddle joint, and Candyloid joint.
What does Gliding joint do and what are some examples?
They dont move whole lot and they allow little movement to prevent injury
Ex: the ankles
What does the ball and socket do do and what are some examples?
Most moveable joint
Full range of motion
You can move them in any direction
The shoulder is an example and the hip
Widest range of motion
What does the saddle joint do? and what are examples?
One joint has like a saddle shaped
It allows back and forth and side to side
Ex: The thumb or base of the thumb
Condyloid joint and examples
Range of motion in one direction, It allows extension and allows circular movement
Examples: the base of the fingers and toes and wrist
Piviot joint examples
The head, elbows and wrist
What is cardiac muscle? Where is it found in the body?
The Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and it is a type of involuntary muscle because it contracts automatically
What is skeletal muscle? Where is it found in the body?
Found in the digestive tract, blood vessles, bladder, airways, and uterus. It is nonstraited and is known as involuntary muscle because it contracts automatically such as when the digestive tract processes food.
What is smooth muscle? Where is it found in the body?
Attached to bone and causes movement to the body
Known as a voluntary muscle
What is a fascicle?
Fascicle- a bundle of muscle fibres
Many fasicles make up a muscle
It gives the muscle a lot of strength and power
What is a muscle cell called?
Muscle cells are called muscle fibres
Define the terms origin, insertion, belly, prime mover, synergist and antagonist
Orgin- where the muscles are coming from-
Insertion- is the end that’s going to move
Belly- middle part of the muscle
Muscles work in groups
Prime movement- main muscle responsible for the movement
Antagonist- work opposite to the prime
Power
Synergertis- assist prime
Mover
Most of the joints in the body are?
Synovial
A bundle of muscle fibres is called a
Fascicle
The adult human skeleton typically contains how many bones?
206
Red bone marrow produces what?
RBC, WBC and Platelets
