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Anatomy > Module 11-Overview of the Digestive System > Flashcards

Module 11-Overview of the Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a GI Tract?

A

A tube that extends the mouth to the anus.

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2
Q

The accessory digestive organs includes the

A

the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gallbladder.

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3
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the abdomen and covers the organs within it.
It helps keep the organs in place and allows them to move smoothly against each other as you move.

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4
Q

What is the role of the mesentery?

A

It holds your intestines and other organs in place.

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5
Q

Does the mesentery have blood vessels and nerves?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What is another name for the mouth?

A

oral cavity or buccal cavity

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7
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

the first phase of digestion. It involves physically breaking down food into smaller pieces beginning with chewing in the mouth.

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8
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

the second phase of digestion and uses enzymes produced in the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas and small intestines to break down food particles into nutrients that the cells can use.

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9
Q

What is absorption?

A

Absorption is like a gateway that allows the nutrients from the food you eat to enter your bloodstream and be delivered to the cells that need them to keep you healthy and strong.

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10
Q

Where does most nutrient absorption occur?

A

The small intestine

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11
Q

What does the enzyme amylase in the saliva break down?

A

Starch

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12
Q

What is the primary function of the stomach?

A

Stores food and also prepares food for digestion.

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13
Q

What are the main functions of the liver?

A

detoxification which is a process where your body gets rid of harmful substances and toxins

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14
Q

What is name for glucose when it is stored by the liver?

A

glucagon

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15
Q

Where is the gallbladder found?

A

attached to the underside of the liver

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16
Q

What is the role of the gallbladder?

A

stores bile from the liver. It releases it to the small intestine to help with digestion.

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17
Q

What is the role of bile

A

Bile helps with fat digestion

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18
Q

Where is the pancreas found?

A

lies behind the stomach

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19
Q

what is the exocrine role of the pancreas?

A

it releases enzymes which contains like amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. They break down the food you eat into smaller pieces so your body can absorb all the nutrients from it.

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20
Q

The pancreatic and bile ducts empty secretions into which part of the small intestine?

A

the duodenum

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21
Q

Is the duodenum the first part of the small intestine?

A

Yes

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22
Q

The small intestine extends from where to where?

A

stomach to large intestine

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23
Q

Name the three parts of the small intestine in order

A

the duodenum, jejunum and ileum

24
Q

How do the microvilli, the villi, and the circular folds aid in digestion?

A

by increasing the surface area and optimizing the conditions for nutrient absorption.

25
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

A

reabsorption of water, home to many bacteria of the microbiome.

26
Q

Describe the steps of carbohydrate digestion

A

Begins in the mouth with amylase
Continues in the small intestine with pancreatic amylase
Finishes in the small intestine with sucrase, lactase, and maltase
End product: Monosaccharides (glucose molecules)

27
Q

Describe the steps of lipid digestion

A

First requires emulsification from bile (in the small intestine)
Continues with pancreatic lipase.
Some fats absorbed into the bloodstream (if small) other fats changed enter the lymphatic system (if larger)

28
Q

What is the end products of lipid digestion?

A

Glycerol and Fatty Acids absorb into the bloodstream
Triglycerides (larger molecules) absorb into lymphatic system

29
Q

Describe the steps of protein digestion

A

Begins in the stomach with pepsin
Continues in the duodenum with trypsin and chymotrypsin (from the pancreas)
Finishes in the small intestine with peptidases

30
Q

What is the end product of protein digestion?

A

Amino Acids

31
Q

Which enzyme acts in the mouth to begin the breakdown of starch?

A

Amylase

32
Q

What is the purpose of the gallbladder?

A

to store bile

33
Q

What is the purpose of the gastric pits?

A

To secrete gastric juices and other secretions

34
Q

Which organ is considered to be an accessory organ to the digestive system?

A

Gallbladder

35
Q

Most of the process of digestion and the absorption of nutrients take place in the

A

Gallbladder

36
Q

Which of the following happens to cause thirst?

A

the hypothalamus causes the salivary glands to produce less saliva

37
Q

Which situation could cause metabolic acidosis?

A

uncontrolled diabetes

38
Q

Which hormone will be produced when serum sodium concentrations are low?

A

Aldosterone

39
Q

Water toxicity would cause the extracellular fluids in the body to be

A

hyoptonic

40
Q

Which is NOT a method of fluid intake?

A

urination

41
Q

What is it called when the body’s potassium levels are high?

A

Hyperkalemia

42
Q

Which situation would result in volume depletion?

A

Blood Loss

43
Q

The main electrolyte in extracellular fluids is

A

Sodium

44
Q

hypercalcemia could be caused by

A

an overactive parathyroid gland

45
Q

Which part of carbohydrate metabolism requires oxygen?

A

aerobic respiration

46
Q

Which vitamin is NOT fat soluble

A

Vitmain C

47
Q

Which large layer of visceral peritoneum extends from the stomach down over the intestines?

A

greater omentum

48
Q

The ball of chewed food, mixed with saliva that is formed in the mouth is called a

A

Bolus

49
Q

Which is NOT a function of the pancreas?

A

to secrete digestive enzymes directly into the ileum

50
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine

A

Large Intestine

51
Q

Where does the final stage of carbohydrate digestion occur

A

at the microvilli by brush border enzymes

52
Q

This structure prevents stomach acid from flowing upward into the esophagus

A

the lower esophageal sphincter

53
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

to store and secrete bile

54
Q

The sturctures in the stomach that produce mucus, hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes are called

A

Gastric Pits

55
Q

The main purpose of villi and microvilli is to

A

increase surface area to enhance absorption

56
Q
A

Anatomy (18 decks)

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