Module 11-Overview of the Digestive System

Question 1

What is a GI Tract?

Answer 1

A tube that extends the mouth to the anus.

Question 2

The accessory digestive organs includes the

Answer 2

the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gallbladder.

Question 3

What is the peritoneum?

Answer 3

thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the abdomen and covers the organs within it.
It helps keep the organs in place and allows them to move smoothly against each other as you move.

Question 4

What is the role of the mesentery?

Answer 4

It holds your intestines and other organs in place.

Question 5

Does the mesentery have blood vessels and nerves?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What is another name for the mouth?

Answer 6

oral cavity or buccal cavity

Question 7

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 7

the first phase of digestion. It involves physically breaking down food into smaller pieces beginning with chewing in the mouth.

Question 8

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 8

the second phase of digestion and uses enzymes produced in the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas and small intestines to break down food particles into nutrients that the cells can use.

Question 9

What is absorption?

Answer 9

Absorption is like a gateway that allows the nutrients from the food you eat to enter your bloodstream and be delivered to the cells that need them to keep you healthy and strong.

Question 10

Where does most nutrient absorption occur?

Answer 10

The small intestine

Question 11

What does the enzyme amylase in the saliva break down?

Answer 11

Starch

Question 12

What is the primary function of the stomach?

Answer 12

Stores food and also prepares food for digestion.

Question 13

What are the main functions of the liver?

Answer 13

detoxification which is a process where your body gets rid of harmful substances and toxins

Question 14

What is name for glucose when it is stored by the liver?

Answer 14

glucagon

Question 15

Where is the gallbladder found?

Answer 15

attached to the underside of the liver

Question 16

What is the role of the gallbladder?

Answer 16

stores bile from the liver. It releases it to the small intestine to help with digestion.

Question 17

What is the role of bile

Answer 17

Bile helps with fat digestion

Question 18

Where is the pancreas found?

Answer 18

lies behind the stomach

Question 19

what is the exocrine role of the pancreas?

Answer 19

it releases enzymes which contains like amylase, lipase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. They break down the food you eat into smaller pieces so your body can absorb all the nutrients from it.

Question 20

The pancreatic and bile ducts empty secretions into which part of the small intestine?

Answer 20

the duodenum

Question 21

Is the duodenum the first part of the small intestine?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

The small intestine extends from where to where?

Answer 22

stomach to large intestine

Question 23

Name the three parts of the small intestine in order

Answer 23

the duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Question 24

How do the microvilli, the villi, and the circular folds aid in digestion?

Answer 24

by increasing the surface area and optimizing the conditions for nutrient absorption.

Question 25

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 25

reabsorption of water, home to many bacteria of the microbiome.

Question 26

Describe the steps of carbohydrate digestion

Answer 26

Begins in the mouth with amylase Continues in the small intestine with pancreatic amylase Finishes in the small intestine with sucrase, lactase, and maltase End product: Monosaccharides (glucose molecules)

Question 27

Describe the steps of lipid digestion

Answer 27

First requires emulsification from bile (in the small intestine) Continues with pancreatic lipase. Some fats absorbed into the bloodstream (if small) other fats changed enter the lymphatic system (if larger)

Question 28

What is the end products of lipid digestion?

Answer 28

Glycerol and Fatty Acids absorb into the bloodstream Triglycerides (larger molecules) absorb into lymphatic system

Question 29

Describe the steps of protein digestion

Answer 29

Begins in the stomach with pepsin Continues in the duodenum with trypsin and chymotrypsin (from the pancreas) Finishes in the small intestine with peptidases

Question 30

What is the end product of protein digestion?

Answer 30

Amino Acids

Question 31

Which enzyme acts in the mouth to begin the breakdown of starch?

Answer 31

Amylase

Question 32

What is the purpose of the gallbladder?

Answer 32

to store bile

Question 33

What is the purpose of the gastric pits?

Answer 33

To secrete gastric juices and other secretions

Question 34

Which organ is considered to be an accessory organ to the digestive system?

Answer 34

Gallbladder

Question 35

Most of the process of digestion and the absorption of nutrients take place in the

Answer 35

Gallbladder

Question 36

Which of the following happens to cause thirst?

Answer 36

the hypothalamus causes the salivary glands to produce less saliva

Question 37

Which situation could cause metabolic acidosis?

Answer 37

uncontrolled diabetes

Question 38

Which hormone will be produced when serum sodium concentrations are low?

Answer 38

Aldosterone

Question 39

Water toxicity would cause the extracellular fluids in the body to be

Answer 39

hyoptonic

Question 40

Which is NOT a method of fluid intake?

Answer 40

urination

Question 41

What is it called when the body's potassium levels are high?

Answer 41

Hyperkalemia

Question 42

Which situation would result in volume depletion?

Answer 42

Blood Loss

Question 43

The main electrolyte in extracellular fluids is

Answer 43

Sodium

Question 44

hypercalcemia could be caused by

Answer 44

an overactive parathyroid gland

Question 45

Which part of carbohydrate metabolism requires oxygen?

Answer 45

aerobic respiration

Question 46

Which vitamin is NOT fat soluble

Answer 46

Vitmain C

Question 47

Which large layer of visceral peritoneum extends from the stomach down over the intestines?

Answer 47

greater omentum

Question 48

The ball of chewed food, mixed with saliva that is formed in the mouth is called a

Answer 48

Bolus

Question 49

Which is NOT a function of the pancreas?

Answer 49

to secrete digestive enzymes directly into the ileum

Question 50

What is the main function of the large intestine

Answer 50

Large Intestine

Question 51

Where does the final stage of carbohydrate digestion occur

Answer 51

at the microvilli by brush border enzymes

Question 52

This structure prevents stomach acid from flowing upward into the esophagus

Answer 52

the lower esophageal sphincter

Question 53

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 53

to store and secrete bile

Question 54

The sturctures in the stomach that produce mucus, hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes are called

Answer 54

Gastric Pits

Question 55

The main purpose of villi and microvilli is to

Answer 55

increase surface area to enhance absorption