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Science for Medicine A > Nerves > Flashcards

Nerves Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Subdivision of nervous system

A

CNS and PNS

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2
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS

A

Somatic and Autonomic

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4
Q

Somatic

A

Voluntary control ( skeletal muscle)

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5
Q

Autonomic

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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6
Q

Brain

A 
Meninges
Gyrus and sulcus
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brainstem
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7
Q

Meninges

A

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

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8
Q

Gyrus

A

Folds

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9
Q

Sulcus

A

Grooves

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10
Q

Cerebrum

A

Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal

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11
Q

Diencephalon

A

Hypothalamus- homeostasis

Thalamus- sensory

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12
Q

Brainstem

A

Mid-brain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

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13
Q

Spinal cord has ____ pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

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14
Q 
\_\_\_ cervical
\_\_\_\_ thoracic
\_\_\_\_\_ lumbar
\_\_\_\_ sacral
\_\_\_\_\_ coccygeal
A 
8
12
5
5
1
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15
Q

Grey Matter=

A

Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Lateral horn

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16
Q

Neuron structure

A

Cell body (soma)
Dendrites (receive information)
Axons (sends action potential)/(release transmitter)

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17
Q

Types of neuron

A

Glia- astrocytes, oligodendrocytes

Microglia- phagocytic

18
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

-70mV

19
Q

What maintains the RMP

A

Leaky channels
Na+/K+ pump
Large intracellular -ve charged molecules

20
Q

Equilibrium potential

A

The membrane potential at which the electrical gradient is exactly equal and opposite to concentration gradient

21
Q

Hyperpolarisation

A

More negative

22
Q

Depolarisation

A

More positive

23
Q

Action Potentials

A

Transmit signals over long distances

24
Q

Graded Potential

A

Decides when an action potential should be fired

25
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

keeps cell ready to respond

26
Q

Action potential process

A
  1. cell stimulated up to threshold (graded)
  2. depolarisation
  3. repolarisation
  4. hyperpolarisation
  5. back to resting potential
27
Q

Graded Potential

A 
Generated by ligand gated channels
End plate potential at NMJ
Can occur due to hyperpolarisation or depolarisation
Decremental
Non-propagated
Amplitude determines stimulus
28
Q

Fast EPSP (ionotropic)

A

Release of glutamate
Surge in Na+
Depolarisation

29
Q

Fast IPSP (ionotropic)

A

Release of GABA
Cl- cells enter
Hyperpolarisation

30
Q

Slow EPSP

A

Release of glutamate
Binds to G protein
Closes some leaky K+ channels
Prevents cell returning to RMP

31
Q

Slow IPSP

A

Neurotransmitter binds to G protein
Activates G protein and causes K+ ions to flow out of cell
Which leads to hyperpolarisation

32
Q

Action Potential

A 
Have threshold
They are all or none
Voltage gates ion channels
Cannot encode amplitude only frequency
Cannot summate
self-propagate
Have refractory period
33
Q

Compound Action Potential

A

Graded

Summation of many APs from different axons (myelinated and unmyelinated)

34
Q

Fastest conducting axons

A

Ia Muscle spindle

35
Q

Slowest conducting axons

A

IV pain and heat

36
Q

tetrodotoxin

A

blocks Na+ channels and blocks AP

37
Q

Joro spider toxin

A

blocks Ca+ channels and stops transmitter release

38
Q

Botulinum toxin

A

disrupts the release of transmitter

39
Q

Curare

A

blocks Ach receptors and prevents end-plate potential

40
Q

anticholinesterase

A

blocks removal of acetylcholine

Science for Medicine A (31 decks)

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