Autonomic Physiology

Question 1

Pre ganglionic

Answer 1

small and myelinated (white ramus)

Question 2

Post ganglionic

Answer 2

unmyelinated (gret ramus)

Question 3

Autonomic is___

Answer 3

Metabotropic

Question 4

Parasympathetic nerves

Answer 4

Cranial nerves- III VI IX X

Sacral S1-S5

Question 5

Sympathetic

Answer 5

Thoracic T1-12

Lumbar L1-L5

Question 6

Long pre-ganglionic and short post-ganglionic

Answer 6

Parasympathetic

Question 7

Short pre-ganglioni and long post-ganglionic

Answer 7

Sympathetic

Question 8

Divergence

Answer 8

Pre-ganglionic fibre branch out to different post-ganglioni fibres and different levels of the chain

Question 9

Convergence

Answer 9

Post-ganglionic fibre can receive signals from many pre-ganiglionic

Question 10

Mass activation

Answer 10

all postganglionic sympathetic neuurons can be activated simultaneously (fight or flight)

Question 11

Eye- sympathetic

Answer 11

a1 receptors on radial muscle: radial muscle contracts and pupil dilates
B2 receptors on cilary muscle: relaxes to focus on far away

Question 12

Eye- parasympathetic

Answer 12

Muscarinic receptors on sphincter muscle-sphinceter muscle contracts
Muscarinic receptors on cilary- contracts to focus close up

Question 13

Heart- sympathetic

Answer 13

B1 receptors on pacemaker- increase heart rate

B1 receptors on myocetes- increase strength of contraction

Question 14

Heart- parasympathetic

Answer 14

Muscarinic receptors on pacemaker- slow down heart rate

Little effect on strength of contraction

Question 15

Lungs- sympathetic

Answer 15

B2 on smooth muscle airways- lungs relax and dilate

Question 16

Lungs- parasympathetic

Answer 16

Muscarinic receptors smooth muscle contract and constrict airways

Question 17

Blood vessels- sympatetic

Answer 17

a1- smooth muscle contracts and blood flow decreases

B2- smooth muscle relaxes and blood flows faster

Question 18

The gut- sympathetic

Answer 18

a/B smooth muscle- gut motility reduced

a receptors pancreas- inhibit enzyme secretion

Question 19

The gut- parasympathetic

Answer 19

muscarinic- contraction of smooth muscle in gut ( increases gut motility)
Muscarinic- pancreas- activates enzyme secretion

Question 20

Energy stores- sympathetic

Answer 20

a/B on liver cells- glygogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

a/B on adipocytes- increases lipolysis

Question 21

Salivary gland- sympathetic

Answer 21

beta receptors-thick secretion of enzymes (mouth dry)

Question 22

Salivary gland- parasympathetic

Answer 22

muscarinic receptors- watery secretions

Question 23

Bladder- sympathetic

Answer 23

B2 bladder wall relaxes

a1- smooth muscle sphincter- constricts

Question 24

Bladder- parasympathetic

Answer 24

muscarinic- bladder wall- contracts

Muscarinic- sphincter relaxes

Question 25

Reproduction- sympathetic

Answer 25

a1- smooth muscle of urethra- causes ejaculation

Question 26

Reproduction- parasympathetic

Answer 26

muscarinic- corps cavernosum- relaxes smooth muscle causes erection