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Science for Medicine A > Foundations of Immunology > Flashcards

Foundations of Immunology Flashcards

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1
Q

Lymphatic system consist of___

A 
Cervical
Axillary
Bronchial
Abdominal
Inguinal
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2
Q

Lymphatic Ducts

A

Right lymphatic duct

Thoracic duct

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3
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A

Drainage of tissue (away)
Absorption and transport of fatty acids
Immunity

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4
Q

What are the walls of the lymphatic vessel composed of__

A

simple squamous epithelial cells

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5
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

Lymph&raquo_space; Afferent vessel&raquo_space; LN&raquo_space; Efferent vessel&raquo_space; Lymphatic trunk&raquo_space;> Lymphatic ducts&raquo_space;> Venous system (subclavian or jugluar vein)»> Blood

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6
Q

Lymphoid organs

A

Primary: bone marrow
Secondary: spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsil, cutaneous immune system, mucosal immune system (Peyer’s Patch)

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7
Q

Thymus T cell education

A
  1. Generated in the bone marrow
  2. Matures in thymus
  3. Positive selection: check for either CD4+ or CD8+
  4. Negative selection: check cells do not react to self
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8
Q

Low affinity interactions of T cells

A

Positive selection

Survival signal

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9
Q

High affinity interactions of T cells

A

Clonal deletion

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10
Q

MHC 1

A

CD8+

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11
Q

MHC 2

A

CD4+

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12
Q

The spleen consists of ____

A

White pulp and Red pulp

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13
Q

White pulp

A

Lymphocytes
T cell zone
B cell zone

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14
Q

Red pulp

A 
Vascular sinusoid
Large number of RBC
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Sparse lymphocytes
Plasma cells
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15
Q

Function of spleen

A

Blood filter and immune function

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16
Q

Lymph Node Structure

A

T cell zones
B cell zones
HEVs

17
Q

Function of lymph node

A

Filter and purify the lymph before it enters the venous system
Maintain and produce mature B cells and house T cells

18
Q

HEV

A

High endothelial venules

Specialised post-capillary swelling that enables lymphocytes circulating in the blood to directly enter the lymph nodes

19
Q

Peyer’s Patch

A

Aggregates of lymphoid cells that protrude inside the intestinal lumen

20
Q

Function of Peyer’s patch

A

Initiate immune response in gut
M cells transport antigen to Peyer’s patch
This antigen is carried to the LN that drain it

21
Q

Tonsils

A

Lymphoid tissues on either side of the throat

Involved in defence of upper respiratory infection

22
Q

MHC class 1 is_____

A

found on virtually all nucleated cells
Trigger cytotoxic response
Prevents virally induced peptides to CD8+ T cells

23
Q

MHC class 2 is_____

A

found only on professional APCs (macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells)
Presents antigen to CD4+ T cells

24
Q

Effector T cells

A

Th1
Th2
Th17
Tfh

25
Q

Th1

Cytokines, target cells, immune reaction, host defence, role in disease

A

IFN-y, macrophages, macrophage activation, intracellular pathogens., autoimmunity and chronic inflammation

26
Q

Th2

Cytokines, target cells, immune reaction, host defence, role in disease

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, Eosinophils, Eosinophil and mast cell activation, Helminths, Allergy

27
Q

Th17

Cytokines, target cells, immune reaction, host defence, role in disease

A

IL-17, IL-22, Neutrophils, Neutrophil recruitment and activation, extracellular bacteria and fungi, autoimmunity, inflammation

28
Q

Tfh

Cytokines, target cells, immune reaction, host defence, role in disease

A

IL-21, B cells, Antibody production, Extracellular pathogens, autoimmunity (autoantibodies)

29
Q

How do cytotoxic T cells kill cells?

A

Release perforin
Forms pores in target cells
Also release granzyme B enter through pores form and induce apoptosis

30
Q

B cells recognise____

T cells need to be shown____

A

Free organic antigen on BCR (IgM)

protein antigen in association with MHC

31
Q

Plasma cells are responsible for____

A

antibody production

32
Q

It is more important to tolerise____ than ____ because

A

T cells and B cells, B cells cannot make antibodies to most antigens without the help of T cells

33
Q

Antibody classes

A

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE

34
Q

IgG

A

Four different forms
Good opsoniser
Only antibody that can cross the placenta to give passive immunity to foetus
Activate classical pathway

35
Q

IgA

A

Protects mucosal surface, resistant to stomach acids

36
Q

IgM

A

Expressed on B cells
Primary response to pathogens before IgG
Can activate classical complement system

37
Q

IgD

A

Antigen receptor on B cells

Activate basophils and mast cells

38
Q

IgE

A

Found in circulation
defends against parasites
triggers anaphylatic shock and allergies (mast cell, histamines)

39
Q

Function of complement system

A

The complement system helps antibodies and phagocytic cells clear pathogens from an organism

Science for Medicine A (31 decks)

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