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PBD I Exam 2 > Neoplasia II > Flashcards

Neoplasia II Flashcards

1
Q

encapsulated

A

fibrous capsule around tumor

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2
Q

compressed

A

tumor with well defined cleavage plane

ex/ leiomyoma - smooth m of uterus

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3
Q

clear margins

A

surgical pathologists examine margins of resected tumors to ensure they are devoid of cancer cells

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4
Q

local invasion vs. expansion

A

expansion - has capsule

invasion - invades tissue

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5
Q

metastasis

A

best identifier of malignant tumor

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6
Q

spread of tumor

A

seeding of body cavity
lymphatics
hematogenous

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7
Q

carcinoma of breast

A

often in upper outer quadrants

-to axillary nodes

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8
Q

lung carcinoma spread

A

regional nodes > hilar nodes

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9
Q

medial breast carcinoma

A

internal mammary nodes

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10
Q

sentinel lymph node

A

first lymph node receiving flow from tumor

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11
Q

drainage of lymph node

A

afferent vessel > subcapsular sinus

exits at efferent lymph vessel - hilus

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12
Q

most lethal route of spreading

A

hematogenous

-to bone, liver, brain, lung

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13
Q

hematogenous dissemination

A

overwhelming mechanism of death in cancer

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14
Q

most frequent sites of hematogenous dissemination

A

liver and lungs

  • bc both are sites of venous drainage
  • portal to liver
  • caval to lungs
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15
Q

thyroid and prostate cancer

A

spread to paravertebral plexus

-vertebral metastasis

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16
Q

renal cell carcinoma spread

A

renal vein and inferior vena cava

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17
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma spread

A

portal radicles into veins

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18
Q

adenocarcinoma of colon spread

A

metastasize to liver via portal system

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19
Q

prostatic carcinoma spread

A

bone via vascular plexuses

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20
Q

small cell carcinoma of lung spread

A

adrenals and brain

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21
Q

lobular carcinoma of breast spread

A

CNS/meninges

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22
Q

prevalence

A

total cases in defined population on specified date

23
Q

incidence

A

new cases diagnosed during specified time

24
Q

mortality

A

number of deaths during a specified time

25
Q

causes for change in mortality

A

change in incidence

change in treatment efficacy

26
Q

highest cancer incidence in males and females

A

male prostate 33%

female breast 31%

27
Q

highest cancer death in males and females

A

lung and bronchus

28
Q

cancer in egypt

A

schistosmiasis - bladder carcinoma

29
Q

cancer in japan

A

gastric carcinoma

30
Q

cancer in southeast asia

A

hepatitis B - hepatocellular carcinoma

31
Q

environmental factors

A

UV radiation (malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma)

ionizing radiation (thyroid carcinoma - Chernobyl / leukemia - hiroshima)

cigarettes - lung carcinoma

helicobacter pylorri - gastric carcinoma

ethanol/cirrhosis - hepatocellular carcinoma

Hep C virus - hepatocellular carcinoma

HPV - carinoma uterine cervix

32
Q

helicobacter pylorii

A

gastric carcinoma

33
Q

high grade dysplasia

A

uterine cervix carcinoma

34
Q

atypical endometrial hyperplasia

A

endometrial adencarcinoma

35
Q

dysplastic bronchial mucosa

A

bronchogenic carcinoma

36
Q

leukoplaki of oral cavity / vulva

A

squamous cell carcinoma

37
Q

barrets esophagus

A

esophageal adenocarcinoma

38
Q

cirrhosis

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

39
Q

H. pylorii

A

gastric cancer

40
Q

chronic ulcerative colitis

A

colorectal adenocarcinoma

41
Q

villous and tubular papillae of colon

A

colon adenocarcinoma

42
Q

autosomal dominant inherited cancer

A

often point mutations

43
Q

retinoblastoma gene

A

RB tumor suppressor gene

44
Q

familial adenomatous polyposis gene

A

APC tumor suppressor gene

45
Q

li fraumeni syndrome gene

46
Q

MEN-1 and MEN-2 gene

A

menin transcription factor (1)

RET tyrosine kinase (2)

47
Q

hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer gene

A

inactivation of DNA mismatch repair gene

48
Q

defective DNA repair

A

often autosomal recessive

49
Q

autosomal recessive

A

xeroderma pigmentosa
ataxia-telangiectasia
bloom syndrome

50
Q

familial cancer

A

early age of onset
tumors arising in two or more close relatives of index case
multiple or bilateral tumors

51
Q

BRCA1 and 2

A

breast cancer susceptiblity genes

52
Q

p16

A

gene for familial melanoma

53
Q

cytochrome p450

A

polymorphism - lung cancer in cigarette cancers

PBD I Exam 2 (18 decks)

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