Cancer I Lecture Flashcards
hamartoma
disorganized growth of tissue that is indigenous to the site
ex/ lung has cartilage tumors
choristoma
disorganized tissue growth of something not indigenous to tissue
ex/ gastric tissue in pancreas
pheochromocytoma
adrenal
10% tumor
parenchma
cellular component of neoplasm
stroma
supportive cell component
typically mesoderm (mesenchyme)
mucinous adenocarcinoma
can cause endocarditis
cause hypercoagulable state
common young men solid tumor
testicular
-seminoma
hCG
from choriocarcinoma
types of sarcoma
CT - fibroconnective, adipose, cartilage, bone
endothelium - blood or lymph
synovium
mesothelium
brain coverings
bone marrow, nodes
smooth m
skeletal m
lymphoma
malignant
mesothelioma
malignant
melanoma
malignant
seminoma
malignant
immature teratoma
malignant
hamartoma
not a neoplasm
-mass of cells normally present in tissue in disorganized manner
pleomorphic adenoma
mixed benign tumor of salivary gland
blast-
generally a childhood
wilms tumor
nephroblastoma
-from renal anlage - precursor to kidney
grading
by pathologist
-differentiation of tumor
staging
by oncologist
-depth of invasion or metastasis
TNM
size of tumor
nodes
metastasis?
anaplasia
appearance of cell - mainly nucleus
breast carcinoma
most malignancy - from the the ductal component
stromal component - not malignant
differentiation
degree to which neoplasm resembles tissue of origin
less differentiated - more malignant
levels of differentiation
well
moderately
poor - cellular anaplasia
undifferentiated
scirrhous
rock hard tumor
desmoplasia
lots of collagen
anaplasia
loss of cell structure or function
key to determine grade of tumor
it is the stem cells that de-differentiate, not the mature cells
metaplasia
replace of one type of cell by another
not pre-malignant
T-ICs
tumor initiating cells
-can indefinitely maintain tumor growth
carcinoma in situ
dyspalsia in entire thickness of epithelium
higher number of mitotic figure
finding in malignancies
as tumor population expands
higher percentage of tumor cells leave replicative pool
benign tumors
often have capsule - of CT
tumors can do what
impinge adjacent structures
functional activity
bleeding and infection with ulceration
cachexia/wasting
rupture or infarction
paraneoplastic syndromes
tumor cells themselves secrete hormone
grading
differentiation
-pathologist
staging
oncologist
-metastasis, infiltration
dermoid cyst
mature teratoma
AFP
secreted by yolk sac tumors
switches to albumin after birth
CEA
colon carcinoma
does not indicate malignancy
CA-125
biomarker for ovarian cancer
PSA
prostate specific antigen
-used to monitor after diagnosis
IgG
marker seen with B cell lymphoma
dermoid cyst
mature teratoma
95% of malignancies
are epithelial
-carcinoma
small cell carcinoma of lung
central - hilar region
squamous cell
leukoplakia
white patches in mouth
uterine leiomyoma
not encapsulated - but are compressed with well-defined cleavage plane
local invasion
implies malignant neoplasm