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PBD I Exam 2 > Diseases of the Immune System V > Flashcards

Diseases of the Immune System V Flashcards

1
Q

p24

A

capside protein in HIV

-target for antibodies for diagnosis of HIV

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2
Q

enzymes of HIV

A

protease
reverse transcriptase
integrase

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3
Q

p17

A

matrix protein in HIV

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4
Q

gp120 and gp41

A

two viral glycoproteins on viral envelope

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5
Q

targets of HIV infection

A

CD4 T cells and CNS

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6
Q

infection of cells by HIV

A

gp120 - bind CD4

also, gp120 - binds CCR5 and CXCR4

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7
Q

R5 strains

A

M-tropic

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8
Q

X4 strains

A

T-tropics

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9
Q

gp120

A

binds CD4

conformation change to receptors for chemokines

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10
Q

gp41

A

attached to gp120

inserts into membrane with gp120 activation

fuses with membrane

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11
Q

viral replication

A

reverse transcription to synthesis of double strand DNA

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12
Q

naive T cells and HIV

A

have APOBEC3G

introduces mutations into HIV genome
-ineffective to infect naive cells

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13
Q

NF-kappa-beta

A

gene transcribed with T cell activation

this is bound by the HIV genome
-allowing HIV to thrive when T cells and M0s are activated

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14
Q

synctia

A

fusion of T cells forms giant cells

-in T-tropic X4 type of HIV-1

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15
Q

cells infected with HIV

A

CD4 cells

T cells, M0s, dendritic cells

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16
Q

reservoirs of HIV

A

M0s

follicular dendritic cells

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17
Q

CNS cells and HIV

A

macrophages and microglia

almost exclusively M-tropic

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18
Q

course of HIV

A

begins with acute infection - acute retroviral syndrome

middle, chronic phase - asymptomatic

clinical AIDs

19
Q

HIV specific CD8 cells

A

detected in blood when viral titers fall

-initial containment of HIV infection

20
Q

acute retroviral syndrome

A

3-6 weeks after infection
-resolves 2-4 weeks

myalgia, sore throat, fever, weight loss (flu-like)

21
Q

viremia

A

HIV in blood

-in acute retroviral syndrome

22
Q

clinical latency

A

asymptomatic

  • number of CD4 cells declines
  • host defense eventually decreases
23
Q

progression to AIDs

A

long lasting fever
fatigue
weight loss
diarrhea

24
Q

clinical presentation of AIDs

A 
fever
weight loss
diarrhea
lymphadenopathy
neurologic disease
secondary neoplasms
25
Q

candidiasis

A

most common fungal infection with AIDs

oral cavity, vagina, esophagus

26
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

viral infection with AIDs

affects eye and GI tract

27
Q

pneumonia in AIDs

A

fungus pneumocystis jiroveci

28
Q

atypical mycobacterial

A

bacterial infection with AIDs

29
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

most common neoplasm in patients with AIDs

proliferation of spindle shaped cells
-markers for endothelial and smooth m cells

NOT malignant

iniated by KS herpesvirus
-cofactor is HIVs

30
Q

lymphomas

A

systemic, primary CNS and body cavity

B-cells

31
Q

HAART

A

anti-retroviral treatment

32
Q

amyloid

A

fibrillar proteins that can aggregate

  • cross-beta-pleated sheet tertiary conformation
  • can accumulate extracellular
  • pressure atrophy
33
Q

common forms of amyloid

A

AL
AA
A-beta (alzheimers)

34
Q

primary amyloidosis

A

immunocyte dyscrasias with amyloidosis
-AL type amyloid
systemic

35
Q

reactive secondary amyloidosis

A

AA type amyloid

associated with chronic inflammation

36
Q

hemodialysis associated amyloidosis

A

beta-2 microglobulin not filtered

-in joints, synovium, tendon sheaths

37
Q

familial mediterraneal fever

A

heredofamililal amyloidosis

38
Q

amyloid of aging

A

80-90yo

transthyretin

39
Q

congo red stain

A

stains amyloid salmon pink

-with polarized light - see yellow-green birefringence

40
Q

sago spleen

A

deposits in splenic follicle

41
Q

lardaceous spleen

A

deposits in red pulp

42
Q

Dx of amyloidosis

A

Bx and congo red stain

43
Q

prognosis for amyloidosis

A

poor

  • if systemic
  • survival of B-cell - 2 years

myeloma associated worse

reactive better outlook

PBD I Exam 2 (18 decks)

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