facial edema should always be of concern - may lead to airway obstruction

Hemodynamic Lecture Flashcards by Matt Stanton

arteries

muscular

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most common heart failure

biventricular

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most common plasma protein in fetus

alpha-fetal protein

in adults - albumin

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albumin

holds water in vasculature

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hydrostatic pressure

if higher - pushes blood out

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cor pulmonale

right heart failure

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most common cause of CHF

artherosclerotic disease of coronary arteries

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hyopalbuminemia

lose water

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most common liver disease

alcohol use

-liver gets scarred down

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steatotic change

fatty change

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burns

increased capillary permeability

-loss of fluid

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angioedema

facial edema

*should always be of concern
may lead to airway obstruction

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adult respiratory distress syndrome

damage to pulmonary interstitial capillaries

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interstitial pneumonia

primary atypical
-interstitial capillary is where gas exchange occurs

normally only a few cells thick
-some organisms invade this area

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lymphatic obstruction

most common

-upper extremity in women with axillary lymph node removal after breast removal with cancer

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malignant ascites

nothing to do with cancer

nor does malignant HTN

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hypertension

affects at level of arterioles

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acute pulmonary edema

left ventricular dysfunction

-can be caused from myocardial infarction

pressure transferred backwards and results in edema

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most MI patients

don’t die with initial infarction

-rather die with CHF or later infarctions

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common cause of nutmeg liver

CHF

-chronic passive congestion

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subungal hematoma

under the nail

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petchiae

platelet associated hemorrhage

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purpura

larger than petchiae

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ecchymosis

red cell breakdown

-metabolism of Hg to biliverdin

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abrasion

scrape

contusion

bruise

subdural hematoma

venous

epidural hematoma

arterial

visceral hemorrhage

with intrinsic defects in coag process

venous bleeding

often stops on its own | -low pressure bleed

arterial bleeding

medical emergencies | -can get hypovolemic shock

atherosclerosis

most common cause of death | -chronic inflammatory disease of endothelium**

where is atherosclerosis

aortic arch and bifurcation - high pressure with lots of turbulence - some degree of endothelial damage

over time endothelium

calcification | -only in older individuals

primary hemostasis

platelet with vWF

secondary hemostasis

fibrin polymerization with platelet

clots and cholesterol

in clots - trap neutrophils, RBCs, and cholesterol cholesterol may cause secondary increase in the plaque size

continuous capillary

cytoplasm is continuous and has no openings metabolism can diffuse across endothelium

fenestrated capillary

have windows -complete basal lamina in glomeruli**

discontinuous capillary

spaces between cells themselves -incomplete basal lamina

vWF deficiency

provoked in aspirin use not widespread -nosebleeds (epistaxis)

bernard soulier

know this

glanzmann thrombasthenia

know this

quantitative platelet defect

total number decreased -150,000 - below this get bleeding most common - HIV -get thrombocytopenia

qualitative platelet defect

normal platelet count | -but they are negatively morphed

hemophilia

bleed to death

look at table 4-2 **

robbins page 122 primary common risk secondary high risk

adenocarcinoma

mucin production -can lead to secondary hypercoagulability endocarditis vegatations may result

arterial thrombi

large vessel

venous thrombi

stasis in larger veins

small arteries

can get total occlusion with thrombus | -can recanalize

coronary artery thrombosis

can get removal (rare) or narrows lumen or full occlusion

streptokinase

IV fibrinolytic agent

common Tx for coronary artery thrombosis

bypass** also angioplasty with stent and streptokinase

left ventricle wall

normal no more than 1.5cm

common cause of right ventricular infarct

left ventricular infarct

mural

means wall transmural - spans entire vessel wall in heart

vegetations

in valves of heart

endocarditis

vegetations

subacute endocarditis

from normal skin flora infection strep viridans

strep viridans

often cause endocarditis

libman sacks endocarditis

lupus superior and inferior surface of cardiac valves

DIC

often with septic shock not primary disease -simultaneous bleeding and clotting

most common embolus

due to atherosclerosis -from mural thrombi at carotid bifurcation - can go to brain

DVT

to lungs

red infarct

secondary reperfusion | -goes right to interstitium

white infarct

ischemic | -thrombi

liquefactive necrosis

lungs and brain brain does not scar

coagulative necrosis

leads to scarring

septic infarction

emobli with organism

shock

failure to perfuse

nonprogressive shock

tachycardia - low BP - vital organs still perfused shunting - to heart, lung, brain away from kidney**

ischemic encephalopathy

irreversible shock