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PBD I Exam 2 > Hemodynamic Lecture > Flashcards

Hemodynamic Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

muscular

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2
Q

most common heart failure

A

biventricular

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3
Q

most common plasma protein in fetus

A

alpha-fetal protein

in adults - albumin

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4
Q

albumin

A

holds water in vasculature

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5
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

if higher - pushes blood out

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6
Q

cor pulmonale

A

right heart failure

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7
Q

most common cause of CHF

A

artherosclerotic disease of coronary arteries

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8
Q

hyopalbuminemia

A

lose water

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9
Q

most common liver disease

A

alcohol use

-liver gets scarred down

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10
Q

steatotic change

A

fatty change

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11
Q

burns

A

increased capillary permeability

-loss of fluid

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12
Q

angioedema

A

facial edema

  • *should always be of concern
  • may lead to airway obstruction
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13
Q

adult respiratory distress syndrome

A

damage to pulmonary interstitial capillaries

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14
Q

interstitial pneumonia

A

primary atypical
-interstitial capillary is where gas exchange occurs

normally only a few cells thick
-some organisms invade this area

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15
Q

lymphatic obstruction

A

most common

-upper extremity in women with axillary lymph node removal after breast removal with cancer

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16
Q

malignant ascites

A

nothing to do with cancer

nor does malignant HTN

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17
Q

hypertension

A

affects at level of arterioles

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18
Q

acute pulmonary edema

A

left ventricular dysfunction

-can be caused from myocardial infarction

pressure transferred backwards and results in edema

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19
Q

most MI patients

A

don’t die with initial infarction

-rather die with CHF or later infarctions

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20
Q

common cause of nutmeg liver

A

CHF

-chronic passive congestion

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21
Q

subungal hematoma

A

under the nail

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22
Q

petchiae

A

platelet associated hemorrhage

-

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23
Q

purpura

A

larger than petchiae

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24
Q

ecchymosis

A

red cell breakdown

-metabolism of Hg to biliverdin

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25
Q

abrasion

A

scrape

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26
Q

contusion

A

bruise

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27
Q

subdural hematoma

A

venous

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28
Q

epidural hematoma

A

arterial

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29
Q

visceral hemorrhage

A

with intrinsic defects in coag process

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30
Q

venous bleeding

A

often stops on its own

-low pressure bleed

31
Q

arterial bleeding

A

medical emergencies

-can get hypovolemic shock

32
Q

atherosclerosis

A

most common cause of death

-chronic inflammatory disease of endothelium**

33
Q

where is atherosclerosis

A

aortic arch and bifurcation

  • high pressure with lots of turbulence
  • some degree of endothelial damage
34
Q

over time endothelium

A

calcification

-only in older individuals

35
Q

primary hemostasis

A

platelet with vWF

36
Q

secondary hemostasis

A

fibrin polymerization with platelet

37
Q

clots and cholesterol

A

in clots - trap neutrophils, RBCs, and cholesterol

cholesterol may cause secondary increase in the plaque size

38
Q

continuous capillary

A

cytoplasm is continuous and has no openings

metabolism can diffuse across endothelium

39
Q

fenestrated capillary

A

have windows
-complete basal lamina

in glomeruli**

40
Q

discontinuous capillary

A

spaces between cells themselves

-incomplete basal lamina

41
Q

vWF deficiency

A

provoked in aspirin use

not widespread
-nosebleeds (epistaxis)

42
Q

bernard soulier

A

know this

43
Q

glanzmann thrombasthenia

A

know this

44
Q

quantitative platelet defect

A

total number decreased
-150,000 - below this get bleeding

most common - HIV
-get thrombocytopenia

45
Q

qualitative platelet defect

A

normal platelet count

-but they are negatively morphed

46
Q

hemophilia

A

bleed to death

47
Q

look at table 4-2 **

A

robbins page 122

primary common risk

secondary high risk

48
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

mucin production
-can lead to secondary hypercoagulability

endocarditis vegatations may result

49
Q

arterial thrombi

A

large vessel

50
Q

venous thrombi

A

stasis in larger veins

51
Q

small arteries

A

can get total occlusion with thrombus

-can recanalize

52
Q

coronary artery thrombosis

A

can get removal (rare)
or narrows lumen
or full occlusion

53
Q

streptokinase

A

IV fibrinolytic agent

54
Q

common Tx for coronary artery thrombosis

A

bypass**

also angioplasty with stent and streptokinase

55
Q

left ventricle wall

A

normal no more than 1.5cm

56
Q

common cause of right ventricular infarct

A

left ventricular infarct

57
Q

mural

A

means wall

transmural - spans entire vessel wall in heart

58
Q

vegetations

A

in valves of heart

59
Q

endocarditis

A

vegetations

60
Q

subacute endocarditis

A

from normal skin flora infection

strep viridans

61
Q

strep viridans

A

often cause endocarditis

62
Q

libman sacks endocarditis

A

lupus

superior and inferior surface of cardiac valves

63
Q

DIC

A

often with septic shock

not primary disease
-simultaneous bleeding and clotting

64
Q

most common embolus

A

due to atherosclerosis
-from mural thrombi

at carotid bifurcation - can go to brain

65
Q

DVT

A

to lungs

66
Q

red infarct

A

secondary reperfusion

-goes right to interstitium

67
Q

white infarct

A

ischemic

-thrombi

68
Q

liquefactive necrosis

A

lungs and brain

brain does not scar

69
Q

coagulative necrosis

A

leads to scarring

70
Q

septic infarction

A

emobli with organism

71
Q

shock

A

failure to perfuse

72
Q

nonprogressive shock

A

tachycardia

  • low BP
  • vital organs still perfused

shunting - to heart, lung, brain

away from kidney**

73
Q

ischemic encephalopathy

A

irreversible shock

PBD I Exam 2 (18 decks)

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