Neoplasia I

Question 1

two components of cancer

Answer 1

clonal parenchyma

supporting stroma - CT and vessels

Question 2

desmoplasia

Answer 2

lots of collagen in stroma of tumor

Question 3

scirrhous

Answer 3

rock hard tumor

Question 4

clonality of tumors

Answer 4

monoclonal

-arise from single cell

Question 5

cancer

Answer 5

term for all malignant neoplasms

Question 6

autonomous

Answer 6

independent of growth stimuli

Question 7

oncology

Answer 7

study of tumors

Question 8

malignant

Answer 8

have capacity to metastasize and kill patient

Question 9

adenoma

Answer 9

benign tumor in glands

epithelial neoplasm

Question 10

papilloma

Answer 10

neoplasm with finger-like projections

Question 11

cystadenoma

Answer 11

large cystic masses

-often in ovary

Question 12

papillary cystadenomas

Answer 12

papillary patterns that protrude into cystic spaces

Question 13

polyp

Answer 13

neoplasm that has projection above mucosal surface

Question 14

sarcoma

Answer 14

malignant tumor from mesenchymal tissue

Question 15

carcinoma

Answer 15

malignant tumor of epithelial origin

Question 16

mixed tumor

Answer 16

clonal has divergent differentiation

Question 17

teratoma

Answer 17

cells of more than one germ cell layer

Question 18

myxoid

Answer 18

cartilage or bone

Question 19

nevocellular nevus

Answer 19

benign neoplasm of melanocytes

Question 20

malignant melanoma

Answer 20

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

Question 21

hydatidiform mole

Answer 21

benign neoplasm of placenta epithelium

Question 22

choriocarcinoma

Answer 22

malignant neoplasm of placenta epithelium

Question 23

squamous cell papilloma

Answer 23

benign neoplasm of squamous keratinocytes

Question 24

seminoma

Answer 24

malignant neoplasm of testicular germ cells

Question 25

anaplasia

Answer 25

lack of differentiation | -change in nucleus

Question 26

benign tumors

Answer 26

well differentiated

Question 27

malignant tumors

Answer 27

not well differentiated

Question 28

pleomorphism

Answer 28

variation in size and shape

Question 29

leiomyoma

Answer 29

smooth muscle neoplasm

Question 30

connective tissue

Answer 30

fibroconnective adipose cartilage bone

Question 31

endothelium

Answer 31

``` blood vessels lymph vessels synovium mesothelium brain covering ```

Question 32

hematopoietic and lymphoid

Answer 32

bone marrow | nodal/extranodal

Question 33

rhabdo-

Answer 33

skeletal muscle

Question 34

different sarcomas

Answer 34

``` fibroconnective, adipose, cartilage, bone endothelium synovium mesothelium bone marrow nodes smooth/striated muscles ```

Question 35

different carcinomas

Answer 35

``` epithelium** squamous keratinocytes epidermal basal cells gland/duct epithelium respiratory renal hepatocytes transitional epithelium placenta testicular germ cells melanocytes ```

Question 36

urothelial papilloma

Answer 36

benign neoplasm of transitional epithelium

Question 37

urothelial carcinoma

Answer 37

malignant neoplasm of transitional epithelium

Question 38

malignant

Answer 38

``` lymphoma mesothelioma melanoma seminoma immature teratoma ```

Question 39

hamartoma

Answer 39

NOT neoplasm - mass of cells normally in tissue - but in disorganized way

Question 40

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 40

not a carcinoma

Question 41

pleomorphic adenoma

Answer 41

mixed tumor of salivary gland (benign)

Question 42

wilms tumor

Answer 42

mixed malignant tumor of renal anlage

Question 43

mature teratoma

Answer 43

benign

Question 44

immarture teratoma

Answer 44

malignant

Question 45

hemangioma

Answer 45

benign neoplasm of blood vessels

Question 46

angiosarcoma

Answer 46

malignant neoplasm of blood vessels

Question 47

dysplasia

Answer 47

disordered growth

Question 48

carcinoma in situ

Answer 48

not yet breached the basement membrane

Question 49

characteristics of benign tumors

Answer 49

``` well differentiated normal nucleus growth rates slows pushing, but non invasive no metastasis ```

Question 50

characteristics of malignant tumors

Answer 50

``` undifferentiated anaplasia (change in nucleus) erratic grwoth local invasion mestastasis ```

Question 51

metastasis

Answer 51

sin qua non malignancy

Question 52

differentiation

Answer 52

major determinants - neoplastic cells - architecture relationships with stroma

Question 53

less differentiated a malignant neoplasm

Answer 53

more aggressive its behavior

Question 54

grade of differentiation

Answer 54

well - closely resembles parent moderately - features original tissue present, but not dominant pattern poorly - minority of parent tissue, with cellular anaplasia undifferentiated - cannot be discerned, always anaplasia

Question 55

indicators of anaplasia

Answer 55

``` hyperchromatic nuclei N/C ratio (normal is 1:6) variable nucleus size and shape mitoses tumor giant cells ```

Question 56

metaplasia in cervix

Answer 56

to squamous

Question 57

metaplasia in esophagus

Answer 57

to glandular

Question 58

rate of growth determinants

Answer 58

doubling time of tumor fraction of tumor cells in replicative pool (growth fraction) rate at which cells die

Question 59

mitotic figures per unit of tissue

Answer 59

higher - is more likely a malignant

Question 60

cancer stem cells

Answer 60

eliminate these to get rid of cancer | hard to kill with therapy

Question 61

tumor initiating cells

Answer 61

cells that allow a human tumor to grow and maintain itself indefinitely should be target of therapy

Question 62

as population of tumor cells expand

Answer 62

higher percentage leaves replicative pool

Question 63

both malignant and benign tumors cause problems because of

Answer 63

``` location or impingement hormone release (paraneoplastic syndromes) bleeding/infection rupture/infarct cachexia/wasting ```

Question 64

grading of tumor

Answer 64

established by pathologist | -how differentiated is tumor

Question 65

staging of tumor

Answer 65

established by oncologist | -how widely is cancer spread

Question 66

malignant tumors that rarely metastasize

Answer 66

glioma | basal cell carcinoma

Question 67

dermoid cyst

Answer 67

mature teratoma