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PBD I Exam 2 > Neoplasia I > Flashcards

Neoplasia I Flashcards

1
Q

two components of cancer

A

clonal parenchyma

supporting stroma - CT and vessels

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2
Q

desmoplasia

A

lots of collagen in stroma of tumor

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3
Q

scirrhous

A

rock hard tumor

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4
Q

clonality of tumors

A

monoclonal

-arise from single cell

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5
Q

cancer

A

term for all malignant neoplasms

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6
Q

autonomous

A

independent of growth stimuli

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7
Q

oncology

A

study of tumors

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8
Q

malignant

A

have capacity to metastasize and kill patient

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9
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor in glands

epithelial neoplasm

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10
Q

papilloma

A

neoplasm with finger-like projections

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11
Q

cystadenoma

A

large cystic masses

-often in ovary

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12
Q

papillary cystadenomas

A

papillary patterns that protrude into cystic spaces

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13
Q

polyp

A

neoplasm that has projection above mucosal surface

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14
Q

sarcoma

A

malignant tumor from mesenchymal tissue

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15
Q

carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of epithelial origin

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16
Q

mixed tumor

A

clonal has divergent differentiation

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17
Q

teratoma

A

cells of more than one germ cell layer

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18
Q

myxoid

A

cartilage or bone

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19
Q

nevocellular nevus

A

benign neoplasm of melanocytes

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20
Q

malignant melanoma

A

malignant neoplasm of melanocytes

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21
Q

hydatidiform mole

A

benign neoplasm of placenta epithelium

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22
Q

choriocarcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm of placenta epithelium

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23
Q

squamous cell papilloma

A

benign neoplasm of squamous keratinocytes

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24
Q

seminoma

A

malignant neoplasm of testicular germ cells

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25
Q

anaplasia

A

lack of differentiation

-change in nucleus

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26
Q

benign tumors

A

well differentiated

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27
Q

malignant tumors

A

not well differentiated

28
Q

pleomorphism

A

variation in size and shape

29
Q

leiomyoma

A

smooth muscle neoplasm

30
Q

connective tissue

A

fibroconnective
adipose
cartilage
bone

31
Q

endothelium

A 
blood vessels
lymph vessels
synovium
mesothelium
brain covering
32
Q

hematopoietic and lymphoid

A

bone marrow

nodal/extranodal

33
Q

rhabdo-

A

skeletal muscle

34
Q

different sarcomas

A 
fibroconnective, adipose, cartilage, bone
endothelium
synovium
mesothelium
bone marrow
nodes
smooth/striated muscles
35
Q

different carcinomas

A 
epithelium**
squamous keratinocytes
epidermal basal cells
gland/duct epithelium
respiratory
renal
hepatocytes
transitional epithelium
placenta
testicular germ cells
melanocytes
36
Q

urothelial papilloma

A

benign neoplasm of transitional epithelium

37
Q

urothelial carcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm of transitional epithelium

38
Q

malignant

A 
lymphoma
mesothelioma
melanoma
seminoma
immature teratoma
39
Q

hamartoma

A

NOT neoplasm

  • mass of cells normally in tissue
  • but in disorganized way
40
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

not a carcinoma

41
Q

pleomorphic adenoma

A

mixed tumor of salivary gland (benign)

42
Q

wilms tumor

A

mixed malignant tumor of renal anlage

43
Q

mature teratoma

A

benign

44
Q

immarture teratoma

A

malignant

45
Q

hemangioma

A

benign neoplasm of blood vessels

46
Q

angiosarcoma

A

malignant neoplasm of blood vessels

47
Q

dysplasia

A

disordered growth

48
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

not yet breached the basement membrane

49
Q

characteristics of benign tumors

A 
well differentiated
normal nucleus
growth rates slows
pushing, but non invasive
no metastasis
50
Q

characteristics of malignant tumors

A 
undifferentiated
anaplasia (change in nucleus)
erratic grwoth
local invasion
mestastasis
51
Q

metastasis

A

sin qua non malignancy

52
Q

differentiation

A

major determinants

  • neoplastic cells
  • architecture relationships with stroma
53
Q

less differentiated a malignant neoplasm

A

more aggressive its behavior

54
Q

grade of differentiation

A

well - closely resembles parent
moderately - features original tissue present, but not dominant pattern
poorly - minority of parent tissue, with cellular anaplasia
undifferentiated - cannot be discerned, always anaplasia

55
Q

indicators of anaplasia

A 
hyperchromatic nuclei
N/C ratio (normal is 1:6)
variable nucleus size and shape
mitoses
tumor giant cells
56
Q

metaplasia in cervix

A

to squamous

57
Q

metaplasia in esophagus

A

to glandular

58
Q

rate of growth determinants

A

doubling time of tumor
fraction of tumor cells in replicative pool (growth fraction)
rate at which cells die

59
Q

mitotic figures per unit of tissue

A

higher - is more likely a malignant

60
Q

cancer stem cells

A

eliminate these to get rid of cancer

hard to kill with therapy

61
Q

tumor initiating cells

A

cells that allow a human tumor to grow and maintain itself indefinitely

should be target of therapy

62
Q

as population of tumor cells expand

A

higher percentage leaves replicative pool

63
Q

both malignant and benign tumors cause problems because of

A 
location or impingement
hormone release (paraneoplastic syndromes)
bleeding/infection
rupture/infarct
cachexia/wasting
64
Q

grading of tumor

A

established by pathologist

-how differentiated is tumor

65
Q

staging of tumor

A

established by oncologist

-how widely is cancer spread

66
Q

malignant tumors that rarely metastasize

A

glioma

basal cell carcinoma

67
Q

dermoid cyst

A

mature teratoma

PBD I Exam 2 (18 decks)

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