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PBD I Exam 2 > Cancer II Lecture > Flashcards

Cancer II Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

clear margins

A

goal of removing neoplasms

make sure no cancer cells at boundaries

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2
Q

local expansion

A

capsule - benign

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3
Q

metastasis

A

secondary implant

-discontinuous with primary tumor

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4
Q

tubular carcinoma of breast

A

rarely metastasizes

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5
Q

small cell carcinoma

A

often metastasize

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6
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

often metastasize

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7
Q

spread of solid tumors

A

seed
lymph
hemo

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8
Q

most solid tumor spread

A

lymphatics

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9
Q

lymphatic invasion

A

low pressure and won’t disseminate tumors well

but hemo flow does

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10
Q

lung carcinoma spread

A

regional nodes - than hilar nodes

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11
Q

breast carcinoma spread

A

upper outer - axillary

medial - internal mammary artery nodes

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12
Q

sentinel lymph node

A

first node in regional lymph basin receiving lymph flow from a tumor

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13
Q

most lethal spread type

A

hematogenous

to brain, bone, liver, lung

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14
Q

liver and lung spread

A

have portal and caval flow

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15
Q

prostate carcinoma spread

A

to bone

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16
Q

adenocarcinoma of colon spread

A

to liver (portal)

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17
Q

renal cell carcinoma spread

A

renal vein to IVC

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18
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma spread

A

portal radicles into veins

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19
Q

small cell carcinoma of lung spread

A

adrenal and brain

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20
Q

lobular carcinoma of breast spread

A

CNS and meninges

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21
Q

RB

A

retinoblastoma gene

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22
Q

p53

A

li fraumeni syndrome gene

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23
Q

p16/INK4A

A

melanoma gene

24
Q

APC

A

familial adenomatous polyposis and colon cancer gene

25
prevalence
total cases in define population on specific date
26
incidence
new cases diagnosed during specified time
27
mortality
death caused by malignancy during specified time
28
RET mutation
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
29
MEN-2
affect thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals
30
MEN-1
affect pituitary, parathroid and pancreas
31
schistosmiasis in egypt
bladder carcinoma
32
ionizing radiation
leukemia and thyroid cancer
33
alcohol
hepatocellular carcinoma
34
high grade dysplasia
> uterine cervix carcinoma
35
atypical endometrial hyperplasia
> endometrial adenocarcinoma
36
dysplastic bronchial mucosa
> bronchogenic carcinoma
37
leukoplakia of oral cavity, vulva
> squamous cell carcinoma
38
barrets esophagus
> esophageal adenocarcinoma
39
cirrhosis
> hepatocellular carcinoma
40
h. pylori
> gastric cancer
41
chronic ulcerative colitis
> colorectal adenocarinoma
42
villous/tubular adenomas papillae of colon
>colon adenocarcinoma
43
tumor specific antigens
present only on tumors cells
44
tumor associated antigens
present on both tumors and normal cells
45
anti-tumor effector mechanisms
CD8 T cells NK cells macrophages
46
immune surveillence
tumor suppressed by immune system
47
immune escape by tumors
loss of histocompatability antigens - less to T cells lysis more NK lysis no costimulation glycocalyx - antigen masing apoptosis of T cells due to FasL expression
48
cancer cachexia
TNF
49
PATCH
nevoid basal cell carcinoma
50
most common tumor gene
p53 | -tumor supressor
51
autosomal recessive syndromes
defective DNA repair xeroderma pigmentosa ataxia-telangiectasia bloom syndrome fanconi anemia
52
familial
only 5% of cancers - early age of onset - positive family history
53
main response to tumors
CD8 cytotoxic T cells | -also responders to virus
54
malignancy in AIDs patient
non-hodgkin lymphoma | -B cell
55
non-AIDs malignancies
solid tumors | -lung and oropharynx

PBD I Exam 2 (18 decks)

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