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PBD I Exam 2 > Diseases of the Immune System I > Flashcards

Diseases of the Immune System I Flashcards

1
Q

innate immunity

A

inflammation - phagocytes

anti-viral defenses - NK cells

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2
Q

PAMPs

A

microbial structures recognized

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3
Q

DAMPs

A

molecules released by injured or necrotic cells for signaling to leukocytes

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4
Q

pattern recognition receptors

A

recognize PAMPs and DAMPs

-ex/ TLRs

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5
Q

NF-kappa-beta

A

way the pattern recognition receptors signal
-transcription factor

stimulate microbicidal activities

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6
Q

epithelia

A

mechanical barrier

and produce defensins

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7
Q

phagocytes in blood

A

monocytes and neutrophils

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8
Q

innate activation of complement

A

alternative and lectin pathways

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9
Q

adaptive activation of complement

A

classical pathway (antibodies)

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10
Q

humoral immunity

A

extracellular microbes and their toxins

-B lymphocytes

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11
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

intracellular microbes

-T lymphocytes

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12
Q

CD4 T cells

A

helper T cells

-activate macrophages, inflammation, and stimulate B cells

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13
Q

CD8 T cells

A

cytotoxic T cells

-kill infected cells

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14
Q

thymus

A

development of T cells

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15
Q

MHC restriction

A

T cells only recognize antigen presented by MHC on APCs

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16
Q

T cell receptor

A

alpha and beta polypeptide

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17
Q

RAG1 and RAG2

A

enzyme in developing lymphocytes that mediates rearrangements of receptor genes

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18
Q

monoclonal vs. polyclonal T cell populations

A

monoclonal - neoplastic

analysis of antigen receptor gene arrangements is a valuable assay for detecting lymphoid tumors

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19
Q

TCR complex

A

alpha and beta protein receptor

zeta and CD3

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20
Q

gamma-delta TCR

A

no requirement for MHC

-at epithelial surfaces

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21
Q

NK-T cells

A

recognize glycolipids displayed by MHC-like CD1

function not known

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22
Q

MHC class II

A

binds CD4

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23
Q

MHC class I

A

binds CD8

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24
Q

rule of 8

A

MHC and CD binding multiplies to 8

2 x 4 = 8
1 x 8 = 8

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25
IgM and IgD
membrane bound antibodies - on all mature naive B cells | -antigen binding component
26
identifying B-cell tumors
look for monoclonal gene rearrangement of B cell receptor
27
B cell receptor complex
IgG and IgD | Ig-alpha and Ig-beta
28
receptor for EBV
type 2 complement receptor on B cells | -this is why this virus infects B cells
29
langerhans cells
immature dendritic cells in epidermis
30
dendritic cells
APCs for initiating T cell responses - located under epithelia - have TLRs and mannose receptors - recruited to T-cell zones of lymphoid organs
31
follicular dendritic cells
in germinal center of lymphoid follicles -spleen and lymph nodes -present antigens to B cells and select highest affinity B cells
32
macrophages
function as APCs to T cells T cells activate them back phagocytose opsonized molecules - IgG or C3b
33
NK cells
abundant azurophilic granules - can kill without prior exposure (innate) - CD16 - receptor for IgG - CD56 also used to identify NK cells
34
ADCC
antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity NK cells recognizing IgG coated microbes and killing them -by CD 16
35
activity of NK cells
balance of + and - signaling - activating - NKG2D - inhibiting - recognized MHC class I inhibitory signals prevent from killing normal cells
36
viruses and neoplastic growth
``` induces expression of NK activators -also reduce MHC class I expression ``` activates NK cells
37
IFN-gamma
secreted by NK cells | -activates Macrophages
38
IL-2 and IL-15
stimulate proliferation of NK cells
39
IL12
stimulates NK release of IFN-gamma and killing
40
generative lymphoid organs
bone marrow and thymus
41
peripheral lymphoid organs
nodes, spleen, mucosal, and cutaneous tissue
42
lymph nodes
receive lymph vessel flow
43
spleen
receives blood-borne antigens network of sinusoids
44
peyers patch
peripheral lymph organ | -in intestine
45
lymph node organization
B cells - in follicles around cortex - have follicular dendritic cells - germinal center - B cells activated T cells - in parafollicular regions -has dendritic cells once activated, chemokine expression brings them together at edge of follicle
46
spleen organization
T cells in periarteriolar lymphoid sheath | B cells in follicles
47
lymphocyte recirculation
naive traverse peripheral lymph organs activated go to sites of infection and inflammation plasma cells - stay in lymph organs
48
naive T lymphocytes
enter T-cell zone through HEVs
49
MHC gene
segment of chromosome 6
50
class I MHC
all nucleated cells and platelets - present cytoplasmic protein antigens - recognized by CD8 T cells - viruses or tumors HLA A, B C
51
Class II MHC
present vesicle bound antigens from extracellular microbes - recognized by CD4 - on cells that present ingested antigens - M0, B cells, dendritic cells HLA DP, DQ, DR
52
HLA haplotype
combination of HLA (MHC) genes -important in organ transplant and grafts
53
role of MHC
regulate T cell response - CTLs to cytoplasmic microbes - helper T cells to extracellular microbes
54
HLA-B27
associated with ankylosing spondylitis -chronic inflammation of axial skeleton CD8 cell association
55
HLA and diseases
inflammatory - HLA-B27 autoimmune - HLA-DR inherited errors of metabolism - HLA-BW47 (21-hydroxylase deficiency) and HLA-A (hereditary hemochromatosis)
56
interleukins
mediate communication between leukocytes
57
innate immunity ILs
``` TNF IL-1 IL-12 type I IFNs IFN-gamma chemokines ```
58
adaptive immunity ILs
``` IL-2 IL-4 IL-5 IL-17 IFN-gamma ```
59
colony-stimulating factors
stimulate hematopoiesis | -cytokines
60
clonal selection hypothesis
lymphocytes specific for larger number of antigens select single antigen the recognizing lymphocytes is selected and develops clones
61
immunization
antigen presented | -initiates innate response
62
costimulators
expressed by APCs - required to activate lymphocytes - ensures that harmless substances don't elicit response
63
B7 proteins
costimulator for T cells | -CD80/CD86
64
IL-2
secreted by CD4 helper T cells | -acts on T cells proliferation
65
CD40L
expressed by CD4 helper T cells | -engages CD40 on M0 and B cells to activate them
66
Th1
subset of CD4 helper T cells - secrete IFN-gamma - activates M0s
67
Th2
subset of CD4 helper T cells | -secretes IL-4 (stimulates B cells to produce IgE) and IL-5 (eosinophils activation)
68
Th17
subset of CD4 helper T cells - secrete IL-17 - recruit neutrophils and monocytes
69
B cell activity
ingest protein antigens and display them with MHC to bind helper T cells
70
isotype switching
in B cells - secrete variable antibodies stimulated by IFN-gamma and IL-4
71
affinity maturation
production of antibodies with higher affinity in B cells
72
IgG
opsonize
73
IgG and IgM
activate complement
74
IgA
secreted from mucosal epithelium
75
IgG
secreted across placenta and protects newborn
76
IgE
activates eosinophils -response to helminthes from Th2 cell stimulation
77
naive B cells
has IgM and IgD

PBD I Exam 2 (18 decks)

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