Neoliberalism

Question 1

What are the principles of classical liberalism?

Answer 1

• Individual freedom
• Unfettered market
• Non-interventionist state (except: individual rights, liberty, property)

Question 2

What sparked doubts about the classical liberal ideology?

Answer 2

The great depression of the 1930s

Question 3

Explain Keynes’s multiplier effect:

Answer 3

In times of economic downfall the government should spend money on big projects to create/boost employment. This will create/increase spending power which will help businesses, and eventually also cause increased tax incomes for the government

Question 4

What is the welfare state?

Answer 4

Government that takes (intensive) care of the economic and social wellbeing of its citizens:

• pension plans
• food stamps
• public housing

Question 5

What defines neoliberalism?

Answer 5

• Rejection of Keynesianism and the welfare state
• Return to classical liberal principles
• State ensures private property rights, free markets and free trade
• Privatization

Question 6

Explain neoliberalization as a process:

Answer 6

Market-oriented restructuring

• Deconstruction
• Reconstruction

Question 7

What is globalization?

Answer 7

A process of global (economic) integration

Question 8

What was Harvey’s opinion on neoliberalism?

Answer 8

Not very positive: market-oriented focus is bad

Question 9

What shift in planning did Harvey recognize/describe?

Answer 9

From managerial urban governance to entrepreneurial urban governance

Question 10

Describe elements of managerial urban governance:

Answer 10

• 1960s
• Public service provision
• Social policies
• State-led

Question 11

Describe elements of entrepreneurial urban governance:

Answer 11

• 1970s/80s
• Privatisation of public services
• Market-friendly policies
• Urban development by diverse actors

Question 12

What is property-led urban development?

Answer 12

Planner is more in charge of accommodating the interest and motivations of the property industry

Question 13

Give some of the developments of property-led planning:

Answer 13

• large-scale redevelopment of inner cities
• waterfront revitalization
• flagship projects
• mega events

Question 14

What is an important critique on the big projects of property-led planning?

Answer 14

Small-scale everyday life projects, social projects are neglected in favor of the big projects to attract capital