Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Neck G48 > Flashcards

Neck G48 Flashcards

1
Q

Organizing the neck into UNITS

A

Boundaries defined by fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organizing the neck into TRIANGLES

A

Boundaries defined by muscles and bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Layers of cervical fascia

A

Superficial cervical fascia and deep cervical fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of fascia

A

fascial planes determine direction of infection and form natural cleavage planes that give slipperiness for structures to move passed another, limit spread of abscesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Superficial Cervical Fascia

A

Between dermis and investing layer of deep cervical fascia, contains: cutaneous nerves, blood and lymph vessels, superficial lymph nodes, FAT, and platysma m. anterolaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Deep Cervical Fascia layers

A

Investing layer, pretracheal layer, prevertebral layer, and carotid sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Investing layer of deep cervical fascia

A

Most superficial, surrounds entire neck, ENCLOSES TRAPEZIUS, STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID, PAROTID and SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscular unit is surrounded by

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stylomandibular ligament

A

thickened modification of the investing deep cervical fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

A

Anterior portion of neck, thin, ENCLOSES THYROID GLAND, TRACHEA, and ESOPHAGUS (INFRAHYOID M.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Visceral unit is surrounded by…

A

pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What layer forms the fascial slings for the digastric and omohyoid muscles?

A

pretracheal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

A

tubular sheath for the vertebral column and associated muscles, sympathetic trunks are embedded in this layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sympathetic trunks are embedded in what fascial layer of the neck

A

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vertebral unit is surrounded by

A

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Carotid sheath of deep cervical fascia

A

tubular from base of skull to root of neck, containing: common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus n, deep cervical lymph nodes, carotid sinus n, sympathetic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Carotid unit is surrounded by

A

carotid sheath of deep cervical fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which fascial layer is a potential pathway for spread of infection because it allows communication with the mediastinum and cranial cavity?

A

Carotid sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What muscle divides each side of the neck into two large triangles?

A

sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anterior boundary of the posterior triangle

A

Sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Posterior boundary of the posterior triangle

A

Trapezius muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inferior boundary of the posterior triangle

A

middle 1/3 of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Apex of the posterior triangle

A

behind the ear at the level of the superior nuchal line of occipital bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Roof of the posterior triangle

A

investing fascia, platysma, and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Floor of the posterior triangle

A

Prevertebral fascia and Splenius Capitis, Levator Scapulae, Middle scalene, Anterior scalene, and Posterior scalene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Posterior triangle can be divided into two smaller triangles… by the…

A

Occipital triangle and subclavian triangle… inferior belly of omohyoid m.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Occipital triangle

A

Accesory n. (CN XI) crosses this triangle within the investing layer of deep cervical fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Posterior border of anterior triangle

A

Sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Anterior border of anterior triangle

A

Median line of neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Superior border of anterior triangle

A

inferior margin of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Apex of anterior triangle

A

jugular (suprasternal) notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Roof of anterior triangle

A

investing fascia, platysma, and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Floor of anterior triangle

A

pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland (covered by pretracheal fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The anterior triangle can be subdivided into 4 triangles…

A

Submental, submandibular (digastric), carotid, and muscular triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Location of anterior scalene

A

deep to sternocleidomastoid, anterior to middle scalene (in posterior triangle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Origin of anterior scalene

A

C4-C6 transverse processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Insertion of anterior scalene

A

1st rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Action of anterior scalene

A

Elevates 1st rib, laterally flexes and rotates neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Innervation of anterior scalene

A

C4, C5, C6 spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Origin of middle scalene

A

C2-C7 transverse processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Insertion of middle scalene

A

1st rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Action of middle scalene

A

Elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration, laterally flexes neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Innervation of middle scalene

A

Ventral rami of C3-C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Location of posterior scalene

A

posterior to middle scalene and anterior to levator scapulae (in posterior triangle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Origin of posterior scalene

A

C5-C7 transverse processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Insertion of posterior scalene

A

superior border of 2nd rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Action of posterior scalene

A

Elevates 2nd rib during forced inspiration, laterally flexes neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Innervation of posterior scalene

A

ventral rami of C7-C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Omohyoid

A

two muscle bellies united by a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The inferior belly of the omohyoid passes through

A

the posterior triangle posterior to the sternocleidomstoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Omohyoid inferior belly Insertion

A

intermediate tendon (held to clavicle by CT pretracheal fascia loop)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Omohyoid inferior belly origin

A

superior border of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Omohyoid superior belly origin

A

intermediate tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Omohyoid superior belly insertion

A

inferior border of hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Innervation to both bellies of omohyoid

A

Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Action of Omohyoid

A

depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid bone

57
Q

What muscles are found in the anterior triangle superior to the hyoid (supra hyoid)?

A

Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, hyoglossus

58
Q

Digastric M Action

A

Has two belles that work to raise the hyoid bone; steady it during speaking and swallowing, acting posteriorly - open mouth, depresses mandible

59
Q

Posterior Belly of digastric m insertion

A

intermediate tendon (loop of CT connected to the hyoid bone)

60
Q

Posterior Belly of digastric m origin

A

mastoid notch of temporal bone

61
Q

Posterior Belly of digastric m innervation

A

Facial n (CN VII)

62
Q

Anterior Belly of Digastric m origin

A

digastric fossa of mandible

63
Q

Anterior Belly of Digastric m insertion

A

intermediate tendon

64
Q

Anterior Belly of Digastric m innervation

A

mylohyoid n. (CN V-3)

65
Q

Stylohyoid origin

A

styloid process of the temporal bone

66
Q

Stylohyoid insertion

A

body of hyoid bone; surrounds the tendon of digastric m

67
Q

Stylohyoid action

A

elevates and retracts hyoid bone

68
Q

Stylohyoid innervation

A

Facial n (CN VII)

69
Q

Infrahyoid muscles “strap muscles” of the anterior triangle

A

Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternocleidomastoid, and platysma

70
Q

Which part of the Omohyoid crosses the anterior triangle?

A

Superior belly

71
Q

Sternohyoid origin

A

Manubrium sterni and medial end of clavicle

72
Q

Sternohyoid insertion

A

Body of hyoid

73
Q

Sternohyoid action

A

Depressed hyoid bone and larynx

74
Q

Sternohyoid innervation

A

Ansa Cervicalis C1-C3

75
Q

Thyrohyoid is deep to

A

sternohyoid

76
Q

Thyrohyoid origin

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

77
Q

Thyrohyoid insertion

A

body and greater horn of hyoid bone

78
Q

Thyrohyoid action

A

depresses hyoid bone; elevates thyroid cartilage

79
Q

Thyrohyoid innervation

A

C1 via hypoglossal n (contributes to ansa cervicalis)

80
Q

Sternothyroid origin

A

manubrium sterni and 1st costal cartilage

81
Q

Sternothyroid insertion

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage

82
Q

Sternothyroid action

A

depresses hyoid bone and larynx

83
Q

Sternothyroid innervation

A

Ansa Cervicalis C1-C3

84
Q

Sternocleidomastoid origin

A

Sternal head - manubrium sterni, clavicular head - medial 1/3 of clavicle

85
Q

Sternocleidomastoid insertion

A

mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone

86
Q

Sternocleidomastoid actions

A

unilaterally - laterally flexes neck, rotates head to opposite side, bilaterally - flexes neck

87
Q

Sternocleidomastoid innervation

A

Accessory n. (CN XI) and sensory fibers from C2/C3 ventral rami

88
Q

Platysma origin

A

fascia and skin over pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

89
Q

Platysma insertion

A

inferior border of mandible and skin of lower face

90
Q

Platysma action

A

tenses skin of neck, draws corners of mouth inferior

91
Q

Platysma innervation

A

cervical branch of FACIAL N (CN VII)

92
Q

Branches of cervical plexus seen in posterior triangle (C1-C4)

A

Cutaneous nerves: lesser occipital n., great auricular n., transverse cervical n., and supraclavicular n.

93
Q

Phrenic n. is a branch of the cervical plexus

A

motor innervation to diaphragm C3-C5 over anterior surface of anterior scalene m.

94
Q

Brachial plexus C5-T1

A

Neck: roots and trunks and dorsal scapular n and suprascapular n.

95
Q

Dorsal scapular n.

A

C5 in posterior triangle penetrating the middle scalene

96
Q

Suprascapular n.

A

upper trunk of brachial plexus and courses across triangle to innervate supraspinatus and infraspinatus

97
Q

Spinal accessory n.

A

exits via jugular foramen, innervates trap and sternocleidomastoid, within investing fascia

98
Q

Vagus n.

A

jugular foramen, in carotid sheath posterior to jugular and carotid, gives off superior laryngeal n. (to thyroid), recurrent laryngeal nerve (branches after carotid meets subclavian and loops around and back up), and cardiac nerves

99
Q

Cardiac nerves of vagus n.

A

PREGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC terminate near heart wall

100
Q

Hypoglossal n.

A

hypoglossal canal, innervates tongue musculature, on superficial surface of hyoglossus muscle (carries superior root of ansa cervicalis)

101
Q

Ansa Cervicalis

A

C1-C3 (C1 superior root ride along hypoglossal n, joins C2-C3 to form a loop) superficial surface of carotid sheath, supply strap muscles (thyrohyoid, omohyoid, stylohyoid, sternohyoid)

102
Q

Sympathetic trunk

A

preganglionic fibers run in prevertebral fascia along longus colli, synapse in three cervical ganglia

103
Q

Inferior cervical ganglion

A

posterior to vertebral a. as it branches from subclavian

104
Q

Stellate ganglion

A

cervicothoracic ganglion: fusion of inferior cervical ganglion and first thoracic ganglion

105
Q

Middle cervical ganglion

A

anterior aspect of inferior thyroid a. near level of cricoid cartilage

106
Q

Superior cervical ganglion

A

large - 2-3cm in length, level of the atlas/axis

107
Q

Cardiac branches of the sympathetic trunk

A

carry POSTGANGLIONIC fibers to the heart

108
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A

interruption of sympathetics (injury to Upper plexus, facial n.) pupil constriction, ptosis, warm and dry to touch, loss of sympathetics

109
Q

Subclavian a. branches

A

vertebral a., internal thoracic a., thyrocervical trunk, and the costocervical trunk

110
Q

Vertebral a.

A

enters transverse foramen of C6 and enters foramen magnum

111
Q

Internal thoracic a.

A

descends posterior to ribs

112
Q

Thyrocervical trunk branches

A

inferior thyroid a.(superiorly, anterior to anterior scalene, posterior to carotid sheath, to thyroid), suprascapular a. (posterior and lateral, deep to sterno and trap), and the transverse cervical a. (extends laterally)

113
Q

Common carotid a.

A

within the carotid sheath, at level of thyroid cartilage it bifurcate into internal and external carotid

114
Q

Carotid body

A

at carotid bifurcation, small brownish mass of tissue that is a blood chemoreceptor (CO2, O2) innervated by CN9 and CN10

115
Q

Carotid sinus

A

dilated area of the proximal part of the internal carotid artery, BP regulatory area, innervated by the sinus n. of Hering (CN9)

116
Q

External Carotid branches

A

Superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal a., lingual a, facial a, occipital a, posterior auricular a, maxillary a, and superficial temporal a.
SALFOPMS

117
Q

Terminal branches of the external carotid?

A

superficial temporal a and maxillary a

118
Q

Thyroid gland

A

bilobed endocrine gland, isthmus crosses 2nd-4th tracheal ring

119
Q

Blood supply to the thyroid gland

A

superior (external carotid) and inferior thyroid a. (subclavian - thyrocervical trunk)

120
Q

Veins from thyroid gland

A

Superior and middle thyroid veins (internal jugular v), and inferior thyroid vein (brachiocephalic v)

121
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

small paired endocrine glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland, essential for life

122
Q

Superior thoracic apertyre

A

T1 vertebra, first ribs, and manubrium

123
Q

Compression of inlet syndrome

A

Compression of nerves - irritation, arteries - ischemia or necrosis, vein - dilation, cyanosis, edema

124
Q

What structures pass through the interscalene triangle?

A

brachial plexus trunks and subclavian a.

125
Q

Costocervical trunk

A

last branch of subclavian, passes posteriorly to supply 1st ICS and deep back muscles

126
Q

Superior Thyroid a.

A

(external carotid branch) courses inferior to supply thyroid, sternocleidomastoid, strap muscles, and larynx

127
Q

Ascending pharyngeal a.

A

(external carotid branch) arises at bifurcation and ascends to supply pharynx, pre vertebral m. and inner ear

128
Q

Lingual a

A

(external carotid branch) courses superiorly and anteriorly deep to hyoglossus to supply the tongue

129
Q

Facial a.

A

(external carotid branch) over inferior border of mandible (anterior to masseter) supplies face, tonsil, palate, and submandibular gland

130
Q

Occipital a.

A

(external carotid branch) posterior side of carotid courses posterior to supply posterior scalp

131
Q

Posterior auricular a.

A

(external carotid branch) courses posteriorly to external auditory meatus and supply ear area

132
Q

Maxillary a

A

terminal branch to infratemporal fossa

133
Q

Superficial temporal a.

A

terminal branch to scalp and temporalis

134
Q

Internal jugular v is found where in the carotid sheath

A

LATERAL to the internal carotid artery

135
Q

External jugular v.

A

arises from a branch of the retromandibular v. beginning at the angle of the mandible, empties into subclavian

136
Q

Subclavian veins orientation in respect to anterior scalene

A

anterior to anterior scalene

137
Q

Pyramidal lobe of thyroid

A

extension upward from the isthmus to the hyoid bone, representing a persistent thyroglossal duct (opening into back of tongue in embyo and descends to become the thyroid)

138
Q

Blood supply to parathyroid glands

A

superior and inferior thyroid artery

Anatomy (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions