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Anatomy > G52: Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

G52: Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

General function of the nose

A

respiration, olfactory, filtration, humidify, warm and slow inspired air, receive secretions from sinuses

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2
Q

Root of nose

A

attached to face

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3
Q

Apex of nose

A

inferior tip of nose

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4
Q

dorsum of nose

A

extends from root to apex

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5
Q

the bridge of the nose is composed of what bony structures

A

nasal bones, frontal processes of maxilla, nasal part of frontal

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6
Q

5 hyaline cartilages forming nose

A

2- alar, 2-lateral, septum connected via perichondrium and periostium continuity

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7
Q

Bones of nasal septum and cartilage

A

perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer (palatine and maxilla nasal crest) and septal cartilage

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8
Q

CSF rhinorrhea

A

fracture to ethmoidal cribiform plate due to blow to nose, bony nasal septum pushes into cribiform plate (clear, watery discharge), flow changes with posture changes

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9
Q

Anterior nares and piriform aperture

A

opens nose to exterior

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10
Q

Opening into the nasopharynx posteriorly

A

Choanae

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11
Q

Vestibule

A

dilated portion (where finger inserts), contain skin and course hairs (vibrissae)

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12
Q

Vibrissae

A

course nose hairs in vestibule, filter foreign matter

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13
Q

Olfactory region of nasal cavity

A

Superior 1/3 of cavity; olfactory epithelium

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14
Q

Respiratory region of nasal cavity

A

inferior 2/3 of nasal cavity; respiratory epithelium for warming and moistening air

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15
Q

Medial wall of nasal cavity

A

smooth nasal septum; vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, septal cartilage covered by mucous membranes

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16
Q

Floor of nasal cavity

A

palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine covered with mucous membranes

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17
Q

Roof of the nasal cavity

A

frontonasal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal parts

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18
Q

Lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

3 longitudinal concha (or turbinate bones) covered with mucous membranes

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19
Q

Superior nasal concha

A

small, rounded, ethmoid bone

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20
Q

Middle nasal concha

A

larger, ethmoid bone

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21
Q

Inferior nasal concha

A

largest, individual bone

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22
Q

Nasal meatus

A

Opening inferior and lateral to each nasal concha; receives ostium and secretions from parasinuses and nasolacrimal ducts

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23
Q

Superior meatus

A

receives ostium of posterior ethmoidal sinus

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24
Q

Middle meatus

A

ethmoidal bulla (elevation) from ostium for the middle ethmoidal sinuses; semilunar hiatus

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25
Q

Semilunar hiatus

A

ostia for anterior ethmoidal sinus, frontal snus, maxillary sinus

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26
Q

Inferior meatus

A

ostium for nasolacrimal duct

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27
Q

Sphenoethmoidal recess

A

ostium for sphenoidal sinus

28
Q

4 paranasal sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary; lined with mucous membranes continuous with the nasal cavity

29
Q

Air cells

A

fill nasal sinuses - lighten skull, enlarge and change skull shape

30
Q

Function of sinuses

A

voice resonance, warm air, lighten skull

31
Q

Frontal sinus

A

between outer and inner laminae of frontal bone, drain into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus, posterior to superciliary arches

32
Q

Ethmoidal sinus

A

3 sets of of small cavities in the ethmoidal bone
anterior- directly/indirectly to middle meatus
middle - middle meatus
Posterior - superior meatus

33
Q

Sphenoidal sinus

A

body of sphenoid, drains to sphenoethmoidal recess

34
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

large, entire body of maxilla, drains to middle meatus through semilunar hiatus, prone to infection due to difficulty draining sinus and superior position of ostium

35
Q

Sinusitis

A

inflammation and swelling of mucosa of sinus

36
Q

Blood supply to nasal cavity

A

Maxillary a -> sphenopalatine a. (posterior lateral nasal and septal branches)-> descending palatine a. -> greater palatine a. (
Opthalmic a. -> anterior and posterior ethmoidal a.
Facial a. -> twigs

37
Q

Posterior region of nose is supplied by

A

posterior lateral nasal and posterior septal nasal branches of the sphenopalatine a.

38
Q

Nasal septum and hard palate are supplied by

A

greater palatine a. (descending palatine a. -> maxillary a.)

39
Q

inferior region of nasal cavity

A

descending palatine a. (maxillary a.)

40
Q

Anterosuperior region of nasal cavity

A

posterior and anterior ethmoidal a. (opthalmic a.)

41
Q

Venous drainage of nasal cavity

A

sphenopalatine v -> pterygoid plexus

facial, infraorbital, or opthalmic v -> cavernous sinus

42
Q

Epistaxis

A

nose bleed, common due to rich vascularization of nasal cavity Kiesselbachs area anastomose of many arteries

43
Q

Innervation of the olfactory region

A

Olfactory n. fila (axons) enter foramina of cribiform plate of ethmoid; olfactory bulb over cribiform plate

44
Q

Innervation of the respiratory region

A

Trigeminal n.
Opthalmic div -> nasociliary -> anterior ethmoidal n. -> external nasal n.
Maxillary div ->pterygopalatine ganglion -> 1. posterior superior nasal branch (to lateral wall) 2. posterior inferior nasal branch -> greater palatine n. (greater palatine canal) 3.nasopalatine n. (groove of vomer innervates nasal septum enters incisive foramen)

45
Q

Anosmia

A

damage to olfactory fila, loss of smell

46
Q

Pterygopalatine fossa

A

small triangular space inferior to the apex of the orbit, between pterygoid processes and palatine bone

47
Q

Pterygopalatine fossa is continuous with the

A

infratemporal fossa via the pterygomaxillary fissure

48
Q

Pterygomaxillary fissure

A

opens laterally from pterygopalatine fossa into the infratemporal fossa

49
Q

Sphenopalatine foramen

A

opens medially from pterygopalatine fossa to nasal cavity

50
Q

greater palatine canal

A

opens inferiorly to roof of mouth

51
Q

inferior orbital fissure

A

opens anteriorly to flood of orbit

52
Q

Pterygoid canal

A

opens posteriorly to foramen lecerum

53
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

opens posteriorly to the middle cranial fossa

54
Q

pharyngeal canal

A

opens posteriorly to the pharynx

55
Q

Maxillary div of CN 5

A

enters pterygopalatine fossa through the foramen rotundum

exits via the inferior orbital fissure to become the infraorbital nerve; gives off branches in the fossa

56
Q

Zygomatic n.

A

exits the fossa via the inferior orbital fissure to give zygomaticofacial n. and zygomaticotemporal n.

57
Q

Zygomaticotemporal n.

A

carries fibers of postganglionic parasympathetic from pterygopalatine ganglion to the lacrimal gland

58
Q

Greater and Lesser palatine n.

A

descend to the palate, greater palatine n. -> posterior inferior nasal branches

59
Q

Posterior superior nasal n.

A

via sphenopalatine foramen, lateral branches (lateral nasal wall), nasopalatine n. (septum and roof of mouth), pharyngeal nerve via pharyngeal canal

60
Q

Infraorbital n. gives off

A

posterior superior alveolar nn., middle and anterior superior alveolar nn. to innervate the maxillary molars, premolars, canines, and incisors

61
Q

Maxillary sinuses may compress the infraorbital n. branches

A

causing pain in the upper teeth

62
Q

pterygopalatine n.

A

sensory n. from the maxillary div of CN 5 to connect to the pterygopalatine ganglion

63
Q

Pterygopalatine ganglion

A

sensory fibers from CN 5-2, postganglionic sympathetic (from deep petrosal- internal carotid plexus- superior cervical ganglion), and preganglionic parasympathetic (CN 7 greater petrosal n. to nerve of pterygoid canal and synapse)

64
Q

Third portion of the maxillary a. is considered the

A

terminal branches (post. sup. alveolar a., infraorbital a., ant. sup. alveolar a., sphenopalatine, descending palatine a. (greater and lesser palatine artery))

65
Q

peripheral organ of olfaction

A

contained in the nose

66
Q

contents of pterygopalatine fossa

A

mxillary div of trigeminal, pterygopalatine ganglion, maxillary a.

67
Q

Keisselbach’s area

A

prone to epistaxis due to rich areterial supply and anastomoses

Anatomy (14 decks)

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