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Anatomy > G56: Dev of Face and Pharynx > Flashcards

G56: Dev of Face and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Week 4

A

6 pharyngeal arches at rostal end

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2
Q

arch 4-6 fuse and 5

A

is only seen transiently

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3
Q

Pharyngeal arches/grooves are lined with

A

ectoderm (outer surface)

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4
Q

Pharyngeal pouches are lined with

A

endoderm (inner wall of pharynx)

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5
Q

Pharyngeal membrane

A

separates pouches and grooves; lined with an outer layer of ectoderm and inner layer of endoderm

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6
Q

Paraxial mesoderm forms

A

CT, skeleton of posterior cranial vault and base, skeletal muscles of face

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7
Q

AT week 4, neural crest cells invade to form

A

bones of face, thyroid and cricoid cartilage, middle ear, frontal cranial vault and base

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8
Q

Each arch has

A
  1. Mesenchymal core
  2. aortic arch
  3. cartilaginous rod for skeleton of arch
  4. myoblasts for head and neck muscles
  5. CN 5, 7, 9, 10
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9
Q

Brachial motorfibers

A

refer to fibers that supply skeletal muscle derived from pharyngeal arches (not somites)

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10
Q

Arch 1

A

Mandibular Arch; maxillary and mandibular processes - maxilla, zygomatic, temporal bone and mandible respectively

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11
Q

Cartilage of Arch 1

A

Meckel’s cartilage: template for mandibular bone to form around, disappears and mandible forms in place

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12
Q

Meckel’s cartilage that persists becomes

A

anterior ligament of malleus, sphenomandibular ligament, malleus, incus (endochondral ossification)

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13
Q

Arch 1 muscle derivatives

A

muscles of MASTICATION, temporalis, masseter, pterygoids, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid

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14
Q

What nerve innervates all muscles of ARCH 1?

A

Trigeminal

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15
Q

Treacher Collins Syndrome

A

underdevelopment of arch 1, underdeveloped zygomatic bones, mandibular hypoplasia, malformed external ears, inherited or teratogens
disrupts neural crest cell migration

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16
Q

Arch 2

A

Hyoid Arch; hyoid bone

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17
Q

Cartilage of Arch 2

A

Reichert’s Cartilage- upper part of hyoid bone, stylohyoid ligament, styloid process of temporal bone and stapes of middle ear

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18
Q

Muscles of Arch 2

A

Muscles of FACIAL EXPRESSION; posterior belly of digastric, stapedius m, stylohyoid

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19
Q

Cranial nerve associated with Arch2?

A

Facial n, sensory to tongue, motor to facial expression, visceral motor, general sensory to ear

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20
Q

Arche 3

A

greater horn of hyoid bone; stylopharyngeus m

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21
Q

Arch 4-6 derivatives

A

do not form bone, rather persist as cartilage (thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform); Pharynx muscles: pharyngeal constrictor, crirocricoid m, levator veli palatine, intrinsic muscles of larynx

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22
Q

Nerve of Arch 3

A

Glossopharyngeal

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23
Q

Nerve of Arch 4-6

A

Vagus n

24
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 1

A

pharynx to middle ear (tubotympanic recess) which will become the auditory tube, middle ear cavity and mastoid antrum

25
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 2

A

forms tonsillar fossa; migrating mesoderm forms tonsils within fossa

26
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 3

A

Dorsal and ventral wings; Dorsal wing: inferior parathyroid gland, ventral wing: thymus

27
Q

Pharyngeal pouch 4

A

forms the superior parathyroid gland; ventral part of pouch 4: ultimobranchial bodies

28
Q

Ultimobranchial bodies of ventral pouch 4

A

are incorporated into thyroid gland to become parafollicular cells (Calcitonin secreting)

29
Q

Pharyngeal groove 1

A

external auditory meatus (ectoderm)

30
Q

Pharyngeal groove 2-5

A

overgrowth from arch, no persistent meatus. Grooves briefly form a small sinus (cervical sinus) but its obliterated

31
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

as arch 1 groove migrates inward and arch 1 pouch migrates outward they meet and form the tympanic membrane (endoderm internally and ectoderm externally)

32
Q

DiGeorge Syndrome

A

congenital absence of the thymus and parathyroid glands along with facial abnormalities. (pouch 3)

33
Q

Persistent Cervical sinus from groove 2-5

A

(Ectodermally lined cyst) forms a cyst or fistula along the border of sternocleidomastoid or into the pharynx (internal or external branchial fistula)

34
Q

Tongue week 5 dev

A

Arch 1: lateral lingual swellings, tuberculum impar (ant 2/3) CN 5
Arch 2-4: Copula (post 1/2 and epiglottis) CN9-10
Arch 2 mostly regresses CN7

35
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

come from the occipital region and migrate into tongue region and drag innervation with them

36
Q

Thyroid development

A

proliferation of endoderm on dorsum of tongue; foramen ceacum: thyroid diverticulum

37
Q

Thyroid diverticulum descends

A

inferiorly down neck, persistent thyroglossal duct or small part persists: pyramidal lobe, and ectopic glandular tissue

38
Q

Development of face (5 mesenchymal prominences)

A

5 mesenchymal prominences surrounding the stomodeum: Frontonasal, paired maxillary, and paried mandibular

39
Q

Frontonasal prominence derivatives

A

covers developing forebrain; frontal bones, bridge of nose, nasal septum, primary palate, upper incisors

40
Q

Maxillary prominence derivatives

A

Sup. arch 1: maxilla, upper cheeks, post-incisor maxillary teeth, secondary plate

41
Q

Mandibular prominences derivatives

A

Inf. arch 1: mandible, lower cheeks, mandibular teeth

42
Q

Frontonasal prominence development

A

nasal placodes (paired ectodermal thickening) -> nasal pits with medial and lateral nasal prominence surrounding it (mesenchyme), medial nasal prominence fuses at midline to give intermaxillary segment

43
Q

Maxillary prominence

A

gives rise to palatine processes that will fuse to form secondary palate

44
Q

Intermaxillary segment gives rise to

A

primary hard palate (from medial nasal prominence)

45
Q

Lateral nasal prominences

A

alae of the nose; separated from maxillary prominence by the nasolacrimal groove

46
Q

Nasolacrimal groove invaginates to form the

A

nasolacrimal duct, and the lateral nasal prominences fuse with maxillary prominences

47
Q

Mandibular prominences

A

fuse at midline to form the mandible

48
Q

Orofacial clefting anomalies

A

incomplete fusion of facial primordia, nasolacrimal duct

49
Q

Palatogenesis

A

Primary palate 4 incisors and incisor foramen, secondary palate is the rest

50
Q

Median palatal process (pre maxilla)

A

primary palate forms from the intermaxillary segment from frontonasal prominence

51
Q

Paired maxillary prominences

A

develop palatine processes, grow medial and fuse at midline to form SECONDARY PALATE (hard palate) Nasal septum (frontonasal) fuses with primary palate

52
Q

Orofacial clefting anomaly risk factors

A

genetics, syndromes, envrinoment (smoking, RA, maternal disease)

53
Q

Anterior cleft lip and anterior palate anomaly

A

mesenchyme deficiency in maxillary prominences and median nasal prominences only affecting the primary palate

54
Q

Posterior cleft palate anomaly

A

defective secondary palate, prevents lateral palatine processes from growing and fusing (palatine shelf defect)

55
Q

Complete Cleft lip and palate

A

both primary and secondary palate are deformed

Anatomy (14 decks)

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