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Anatomy > Face and Scalp G43 > Flashcards

Face and Scalp G43 Flashcards

1
Q

Supraorbital notch contains

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves and vessels

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2
Q

Palpebral fissure

A

slit between eyelids

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3
Q

Dorsum of nose

A

runs between the root and apex of nose

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4
Q

External nares

A

openings or nostrils

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5
Q

Alae

A

flared margins of the nostrils

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6
Q

3 nasal cartilages are:

A

lateral, septal, and alar

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7
Q

Vermillion

A

red zone of lips surrounds oral region

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8
Q

Philtrum

A

groove running from nasla septum to the upper lip

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9
Q

Competent lips

A

at rest, lips are lightly closed

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10
Q

Muscles of fascial expression are in what layer?

A

SUPERFICIAL FASCIA and originate on bone of fascia and insert on skin

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11
Q

Orbicularis oculi (3 parts and actions)

A

Orbital part: peripheral portion from orbital margin and medial palpebral ligament
Palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament to lateral palpebral raphe
Lacrimal part: posterior to lacrimal sac
sphincter of the eye

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12
Q

Responsible for less forceful closure of the eye (winking, blinking)

A

palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi

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13
Q

Responsible for forceful closure of eye

A

orbital portion of orbicularis oculi

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14
Q

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

A

maxilla to upper lip along side of nose, elevates lip and flares nostrils

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15
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

maxilla, inferior margin of orbit (deep to orbicularis oculi) to lateral half of upper lip, elevates lip

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16
Q

Zygomaticus minor

A

zygomatic bone (in front of major) oblique to lateral part of upper lip, elevates upper lip

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17
Q

Zygomaticus major

A

zygomatic bone oblique to corner of mouth, pulls mouth upward and outward, as in smiling and laughing

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18
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

maxilla to corner of mouth (deep to levator labii superiors) elevates corners of mouth

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19
Q

Risorius

A

parotid fascia and buccal skin to corner of mouth, widens mouth

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20
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

mandible to angle of mouth, triangular shaped, depresses corners of mouth (grief)

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21
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

mandible to middle lower lip (fibers decussate), depresses lower lip and pulls it lateral

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22
Q

Mentalis

A

incisive fossa of mandible to chin, raises and protrudes lower lip (pout)

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23
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

fibers encircling the mouth interlacing with other facial muscles and the buccinator; lies within upper and lower lips encircling the oral orifice; protrudes, purses and closes lips

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24
Q

Buccinator

A

pterygomandibular raphe, mandible, and maxilla to insert on mouth, forming substance of the cheek, pierced by the parotid duct, aids in chewing, whistling, and blowing

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25
Q

pterygomandibular raphe

A

ligamentous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached superiorly to the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and inferiorly to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible

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26
Q

What muscle is pierced by the parotid duct

A

buccinator

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27
Q

Platysma

A

from superficial fascia of the thorax through neck to lower face, wrinkles skin and active in DEEP inspiration

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28
Q

Occipitofrontalis

A

Frontalis + Occipitalis connected by an epicranial aponeurosis

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29
Q

Frontalis

A

epicranial aponeurosis to skin of forehead, wrinkles skin of forehead (both sides injured in Bell’s Palsy, in upper motor injury can still move with emotions

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30
Q

Occipitalis

A

occipital bone to epicranial aponeurosis, pulls scalp posteriorly and wrinkles skin on back of head

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31
Q

Two muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis and Masseter

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32
Q

Masseter

A

zygomatic arch to angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible to ELEVATE mandible and protract

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33
Q

Temporalis

A

temporal fossa (inferior temporal line) and fascia and tendon inserts on coronoid process of mandible, vertical fibers elevate and horizontal fibers retract mandible

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34
Q

What nerve innervates muscles of facial expression? (motor)

A

CN VII Facial n.

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35
Q

Path of facial n

A

through internal auditory meatus -> stylomastoid foramen through Parotid gland

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36
Q

Branches of facial n

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical

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37
Q

Motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?

A

Cranial Nerve V3 - Mandibular nerve (trigeminal)

Temporal, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids

38
Q

Sensory innervation to the face?

A

Cranial nerve V - Trigeminal n.

39
Q

CNV-1

A

Opthalmic division: sensory to forehead, upper eye, and nose

40
Q

Branches of CNV-1

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear n.(medial eye and forehead) via supraorbital foramen (forehead and upper eye)

41
Q

CNV-2

A

Maxillary division: sensory to lower eyelid, cheek, and upper lip

42
Q

CNV-2 branch

A

Infraorbital n. via infraorbital foramen

43
Q

CNV-3

A

Mandibular division: sensory to skin over mandible, lower lip, cheek, auricle, temple and MOTOR to muscles of mastication

44
Q

CNV-3 branches

A

Mental n.: mental foramen to sensory over lip and mandible
Buccal n.: sensory to cheek and mucous membranes
Auriculotemporal n.:sensory to face and scalp in temporal region

45
Q

What nerve supplies MOTOR innervation to the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal n.

46
Q

Great auricular n.

A

From cervical plexus also give sensory innervation to the auricle and angle of mandible

47
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

unilateral loss of innervation to facial expression muscles, unknown etiology, possibly from viral infection

48
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

sensory disorder often involving regions supplied by V-2 and V-3, may be due to small arteries rubbing myelin sheath of trigeminal n.

49
Q

Facial a.

A

Branch of the external carotid, crosses mandible anterior to masseter (can feel pulse, only covered by skin and platysma), tortuous as it heads towards nose, supplies lips and nose

50
Q

Superficial temporal a.

A

Terminal branch of external carotid, passes upward in the temporal region

51
Q

Supraorbital a., aupratrochlear a., infraorbital a., and mental a.

A

ALL course with veins and nerves of same name

52
Q

Superficial temporal v.

A

joins the maxillary v. to form the retromandibular v.

53
Q

Retromandibular v.

A

formed by superficial temporal and maxillary v., divides into two branches that will drain into internal and external jugular

54
Q

Facial v.

A

joins the branch of the retromandibular v. that eventually drains into the internal jugular v., connections to the opthalmic v.

55
Q

How can infection of the face spread to the interior of the cranium?

A

Bc the facial v. has connections to the opthalmic v, which drains into the interior of the cranium, VALVELESS VEINS allow the blood flow to pass in either direction, allowing infection to pass back into the cranium

56
Q

Opthalmic v.

A

Opthalmic v. connects with facial v and drains into the cavernous sinus, spreading infections intracranially

57
Q

Parotid lymph node

A

drains lateral face and scalp

58
Q

Submandibular lymph node

A

drain upper lip and lateral lower lip

59
Q

Submental lymph node

A

drain chin and central part of the lower lip

60
Q

Deep cervical lymph nodes

A

along the internal jugular vein receive lymph from superficial lymph nodes

61
Q

Scalp boundaries

A

Superior nuchal line to supraorbital margins to zygomatic arches

62
Q

SCALP (S)

A

Skin: hair, sweat and sebaceous glands

63
Q

SCALP (C)

A

Connective tissue: Superficial fascia, thick, dense, irregular CT with fat, arteries, veins, and nerves

64
Q

SCALP (A)

A

Aponeurosis: Epicranial aponeurosis, thin membranous tendon of occipitofrontalis (facial n innervation) Skin, CT, and Aponeurosis are tightly bound

65
Q

SCALP (L)

A

Loose CT: areolar CT, permitting movement of S,C, and A; fluid accumulation, anteriorly space extends into eyelids

66
Q

SCALP (P)

A

Periosteum: loosely attached to bone, except over cranial sutures

67
Q

Which layer of the scalp covering would allow fluid to accumulate in the eyes

A

LOOSE CT

68
Q

Blood supply to scalp

A

Internal and External carotid branches: Supratrochlear, supraorbital, superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and occipital

69
Q

Why would a cut to the scalp bleed profusely?

A

Extensive anastomoses of the arteries, and the occipitofrontalis m. pulls the cut apart

70
Q

Emissary veins

A

veins that pass into the skull and drain into the dural venous sinuses

71
Q

Sensory innervation to the scalp

A

Trigeminal n, C2 and C3 dorsal rami, and cervical plexus (ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves)

72
Q

Parotid gland Region

A

angle of mandible to zygomatic arch to sternocleidomastoid posteriorly

73
Q

Superficial part of the parotid gland

A

lies of the surface of the masseter

74
Q

Deep part of the parotid gland

A

lies behind the ramus of the mandible

75
Q

Deep part of the parotid contains:

A

External carotid a (terminal branches), retromandibular v., and auriculotemporal n.

76
Q

Parotid duct pierces what muscle? and opens into what?

A

Buccinator; oral cavity opposite the second upper molar tooth

77
Q

Parotid gland is surrounded by

A

Dense CT capsule derived from investing fascia of the neck

78
Q

Mumps

A

causes inflammation of the parotid gland, putting pressure on the capsule, resulting in pain

79
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers carried on EXTERNAL CAROTID A

80
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland

A

SECRETOMOTOR; postganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried by the auriculotemporal n.

81
Q

Great Auricular Nerve

A

SENSORY innervation to the parotid gland, parotid sheath, and overlying skin

82
Q

Structures embedded in the parotid gland (superficial to deep) NVA

A

Facial n. and its divisions, Retromandibular v, External Carotid a. (posterior auricular a., superficial temporal a., maxillary a.)

83
Q

Viscerocranium

A

face (mainly maxilla and zygomatic)

84
Q

glabella

A

space between the eyebrows, with crease

85
Q

buccal fat pad

A

superior to buccinator, prominent in infants

86
Q

the superficial and deep parotid parts are separated by what?

A

the facial n

87
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

A

CN7: Facial N

88
Q

The supratrochlear and supraorbital n are branches of what cranial nerve?

A

CN5: Trigeminal N, Opthalmic division CN 5-1

89
Q

What 2 muscles can elevates the upper lip

A

levator labii superioris and levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

90
Q

What nerve innervates the buccinator muscle?

A

CN7: Facial N

91
Q

Trigeminal nerve division that supplies the area beneath the eye?

A

Maxillary division -> infraorbital n.

Anatomy (14 decks)

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