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Anatomy > G45 Skull Growth and Dev > Flashcards

G45 Skull Growth and Dev Flashcards

1
Q

Neurocranium

A

round bony case that surrounds the brain (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid

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2
Q

Viscerocranium

A

bones of the face derived from pharyngeal arches (maxilla, zygomatic, inferior nasal concha, lacrimal, palatine, nasal, ethmoid, and vomer)

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3
Q

Mandible processes

A

Alveolar: houses teeth, coronoid: temporalis tendon insertion, condylar: supporting the mandibular condyle

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4
Q

Norma frontalis

A

anterior view of the face

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5
Q

7 bones comprising the orbit

A

Frontal, maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, palatine, sphenoid, ethmoid

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6
Q

Orbital apertures

A

superior and inferior orbital fissure, nasolacrimal duct, and optic foramen

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7
Q

Bones comprising the piriform aperture

A

nasal, maxilla; vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid forming nasal septum; Nasal concha (middle and superior are ethmoid bone) inferior nasal concha is separate bone

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8
Q

Norma Lateralis

A

lateral view

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9
Q

Temporal fossa

A

containing the temporalis m.

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10
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

attachment site for masseter and temporalis fascia

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11
Q

Norma basalis

A

inferior view

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12
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

fossa in temporal bone forming the cranial portion of the TMJ

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13
Q

Pterygoid plates

A

projections of the sphenoid bone that serve as muscle attachment sites

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14
Q

Separates anterior from middle cranial fossa

A

sphenoidal crest

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15
Q

Separates the middle and posterior cranial fossa

A

Petrous ridge

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16
Q

Craniosyntosis

A

premature closure of a cranial suture

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17
Q

Scaphocephaly

A

long, narrow skull due to premature closure of the sagittal suture

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18
Q

Brachycephaly

A

short, wide skull due to premature closure of coronal suture

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19
Q

Squamosal suture

A

between the temporal and parietal bones

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20
Q

Pterion

A

H-shaped region on lateral side of cranium where the frontal, temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bone meet

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21
Q

A blow to the pterion could result in…

A

epidural hematoma due to the middle meningeal artery running along the interior of the pterion

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22
Q

Bregma

A

anterior fontanelle in newborns

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23
Q

Lambda

A

posterior fontanelle in newborns

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24
Q

Ectoderm

A

neural tube (CNS), neural crest (meninges, bones of face, muscles, etc), outer epithelium (skin, glands, hair, nails, lens and cornea)

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25
Q

Mesoderm

A 
Paraxial mesoderm (Axial bones, muscles, and CT)
Intermediate mesoderm (kidneys, reproductive, genitals)
Lateral plate mesoderm (CT of body wall, GI, respiratory, vessels, limbs, heart)
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26
Q

Endoderm

A

lining of GI, auditory, respiratory, and bladder

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27
Q

Bilaminar disc

A

Week 2; epiblast and hypoblast

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28
Q

Epiblast

A

primitive ectoderm

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29
Q

Hypoblast

A

primitive endoderm

30
Q

Trilaminar disc

A

Week 3; formation of the intraembryonic mesoderm

31
Q

Primitive streak

A

a ridge within the epiblast and cells migrate in

32
Q

Primitive node

A

node at the cephalic end of the primitive streak

33
Q

Notochord

A

rod-like column forms as cells from the epiblast enter the primitive pit

34
Q

neural plate

A

ectoderm overlying the notchord that is induced to become neural cells

35
Q

Neural tube

A

created by invagination of the neural plate; give rise to CNS

36
Q

Neural crest cells

A

lie adjacent to the neural tube and give rise to parts of the face and skull

37
Q

Intraembryonic mesoderm

A

mesenchyme (undifferentiated CT) and paraxial mesoderm (somites)

38
Q

Somitomeres and somites give rise to

Intraembryonic mesoderm

A

bones of the cranial base and posterior cranial vault (mesenchye -> osteoblasts, chondroblasts, and fibroblasts)

39
Q

Neural crest mesenchyme give rise to

ectoderm

A

bones of the face and anterior cranial vault and base

40
Q

Do ossification pathways of the skull reflect location or origin?

A

Reflect cranial region, NOT primordial origin

41
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Flat bones, cranial VAULT, facial bones, Mesenchyme -> osteoblasts dermis replaced with bone

42
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

rest of bones of head; mesenchyme-> chondroblasts-> osteoblasts; dermis, hyaline cartilage, bone

43
Q

Cranial base ossifies via

A

endochondral ossification

44
Q

cranial vault ossifies via

A

intramembranous ossification

45
Q

viscerocranium ossifies via

A

intramembranous ossification

46
Q

Cranial base bones

A

ethmoid, sphenoid, petrous temporal, occipital

47
Q

Cranial base is derived from

A

BOTH neural crest cell and paraxial mesoderm

48
Q

Stage 1 of Cranial BASE development

A

Formation of basal plate (fusion of parachordal cartilage), ethmoid plate (fusion of prechodal cartilage), olfactory capsule, otic capsule, and optic capsule

49
Q

Cartilaginous Basal plate

A

forms from parachordal cartilage lateral to notochord, fusing across midline

50
Q

Ethmoid plate

A

Prechordal cartilage anterior to notochord fuse

51
Q

Cartilaginous Olfactory capsule

A

surrounds olfactory epithelium

52
Q

Cartilaginous Otic capsule

A

surrounds otocyst

53
Q

Optic capsule

A

forms around retina forms sclerotic coat

54
Q

Stage 2 of Cranial base development

A

Fusion of ethmoid plate and olfactory capsule, basal plate and otic capsule, ethmoid and basal plate (hypophyseal fenestra - midline hole remains for pituitary gland)

55
Q

Stage 3 of Cranial base development

A

Pit for pituitary gland and internal carotid, cartilaginous walls for braincase, and cartilage forms around cranial nerves and vessels (foramina)

56
Q

Stage 4 of Cranial base development

A

Ossification; occipital center, sphenoid center, ethmoid center, and otic center (petrous temporal), synchondroses (cartilage between centers) remain until adulthood

57
Q

Spheno-occipital synchondrosis fuses..

A

late teens

58
Q

Achondroplasia

A

cartilage does not grow properly and the endochondral portions of the skull (cranial base) are smaller and the intramembranous portions appear enlarged

59
Q

Cranial vault development - intramembranous

A

frontal, squamous temporal, parietal; neural crest cells become mesenchyme that settles in the SUBDERMIS and becomes fibroblasts and scleroblasts

60
Q

Microcephaly

A

brain and braincase are abnormally small; impaired brain growth (not craniosyntosis)

61
Q

Hydrocephaly

A

accumulation of intracranial CSF causing abnormal expansion of the braincase

62
Q

External pressure has an effect on which type of ossification

A

Intramembranous ossification

63
Q

Viscerocranium bones include… and develop…

A

Maxilla, mandible, lacrimal, nasal, zygomatic, vomer, and palatine; INTRAMEMBRANOUS ossification

64
Q

Bones of middle ear and hyoid bone ossify via

A

ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION

65
Q

Two main parts of the cranium

A

Neurocranium (bones encasing brain) and viscerocranium (facial bones)

66
Q

Paired bones the contribute to the neurocranium? Unpaired?

A

parietal and temporal; occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid

67
Q

Paired bones of the viscerocranium? Unpaired?

A

maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, inf. nasal concha, palatine, nasal; vomer, ethmoid

68
Q

Craniosyntosis

A

premature closure of sutures; scaphocephaly and brachycephaly

69
Q

What parts of the cranium form endochondrally? intramembranously?

A

Endo: cranial base; Intra: cranial vault and viscerocranium

70
Q

Neural crest regions and paraxial mesoderm regions?

A

Neural: face, anterior cranial vault and base; Paraxial: Posterior cranial vault and base

71
Q

Bones that form endochondrally?

A

occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, petrous part of temporal

Anatomy (14 decks)

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