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Anatomy > G56: Ear > Flashcards

G56: Ear Flashcards

1
Q

General sensory innervation to anterior superior portion of auricle?

A

Auriculotemporal n

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2
Q

General sensory innervation to area surrounding meatus?

A

Facial n and Vagus n

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3
Q

General sensory innervation to posterior superior portion of auricle and medial surface?

A

Lesser Occipital n

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4
Q

General sensory innervation to inferior portion of auricle and lateral and medial surfaces?

A

Great Auricular n

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5
Q

Wall of lateral 1/3 EAM is composed of

A

cartilage (skin containing hair, sebaceous glands and modified sweat glands (cerumen))

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6
Q

Wall of medial 2/3 EAM is composed of

A

bone

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7
Q

EAM curves

A

convex superior and posteriorly

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8
Q

General sensory innervation to superior EAM and external surface of tympanic membrane?

A

Auriculotemporal n.

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9
Q

General sensory innervation to inferior EAM and external surface of tympanic membrane?

A

Facial n and Vagus n

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10
Q

Tympanic cavity

A

petrous portion of temporal bone, sound waves converted to motion

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11
Q

Tympanic cavity is connected anteromedially with

A

nasopharynx via the auditory tube

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12
Q

Tympanic cavity is connected posteromedially with

A

mastoid antrum

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13
Q

Lining of the tympanic cavity

A

mucous membranes continuous with auditory tube, mastoid air cells, and mastoid antrum

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14
Q

If the tympanic cavity is a room with 4 walls, the roof would be?

A

Tegmen tympani, the petrous portion of the temporal bone, forming the floor of the middle cranial fossa;

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15
Q

If the tympanic cavity is a room with 4 walls,the floor would be?

A

Jugular wall, the thin wall of the jugular foramen

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16
Q

If the tympanic cavity is a room with 4 walls, the lateral wall would be?

A

Tympanic membrane

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17
Q

If the tympanic cavity is a room with 4 walls, the medial wall would be?

A

Bony Labyrinth housing the inner ear

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18
Q

If the tympanic cavity is a room with 4 walls, the anterior wall would be?

A

opening of the bony portion of the auditory tube

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19
Q

If the tympanic cavity is a room with 4 walls, posterior wall would be?

A

Aditus leading to the mastoid antrum

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20
Q

Epitympanic recess

A

is a expanded area of the tegmen tympani that houses the malleus and incus bones

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21
Q

Cochlear promontory

A

rounded hollow prominence on the medial wall of the cavity, formed by the outward projection of the cochlea

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22
Q

Tympanic plexus (CN9)

A

courses of the promontory

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23
Q

CN9 exits the jugular foramen and a branch, tympanic nerve enters

A

tympanic canaliculus (sensory and pregang), innervates the tympanic cavity, auditory tube, and mastoid air cells, and forms the lesser petrosal n

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24
Q

The lesser petrosal n exits the tympanic cavity via

A

through the tegmen tympani and runs through the lesser petrosal canal

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25
Q

What’s located posterior and superior to the promontory on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity?

A

Oval window and the canal for the facial n

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26
Q

Oval window

A

the opening into the vestibule of the inner ear, covered by footplate of the stapes

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27
Q

Canal for facial n

A

enters IAM to stylomastoid foramen, in IAM theres the geniculate ganglion (it is here that pregangs form the greater petrosal n)

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28
Q

Auditory tube in the anterior wall splits into

A

superior and inferior portions; connects middle ear and nasopharynx

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29
Q

Superior portion of the auditory tube

A

contains tensor tympany muscle, which attahces to the handle (manubrium) or the malleus

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30
Q

Inferior portion of the auditory tube

A

contains the opening of the crtilaginous portion of the tube

31
Q

Tensor tympani and cartilaginous portion run

A

parallel to each other

32
Q

Aditus in posterior wall

A

leads to an open area called mastoid antrum leading to mastoid air cells

33
Q

Inferior to the aditus is

A

the facial canal containing the descending portion of the facial n. here the n splits into 4 branches (greater petrosal, n to stapedius, chorda tympani, auricular) and the pyramidal eminence

34
Q

Pyramidal eminence

A

small bony projection enclosing the stempedius m

35
Q

Otitis media

A

middle ear infection, red bulging tympanic membrane

36
Q

Umbo

A

at the peak of the depressed tympanic membrane area (inferior to the attachment of the handle of the malleus)

37
Q

Handle of malleus

A

attached to the tympanic membrane

38
Q

Cone of light

A

radiating from the inferior portion of th ehandle of malleus

39
Q

Pars flaccida

A

relaxed superior portion of the membrane (chorda tympani crosses here)

40
Q

Pars Tensa

A

inferior portion of the membrane

41
Q

Innervation of the external surface of the tympanic membrane

A

auriculotemporal, vagus, facial

42
Q

Innervation of the medial surface of the tympanic membrane

A

glossopharyngeal n.

43
Q

Ossicles

A

malleus, incus, and stapes connected by synovial joints

44
Q

Malleus

A

Head: lies in epitympanic membrane articulates with incus

Neck and handle: lies against and embedded in tympanic membane

45
Q

tendon of tensor tympani (sup div of auditory tube) inserts

A

on the handle of the malleus

46
Q

Chorda tympani crosses the

A

medial surface (pars flaccida) of the tympanic membrane

47
Q

Incus

A

body, long crus, and short crus

48
Q

Incus head

A

articulates with head of malleus in epitympanic recess

49
Q

Incus long crus

A

inferior portion articulates with the stapes

50
Q

Incus short crus

A

attaches to a ligament attached to the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity

51
Q

Stapes

A

Head, short neck, two limbs, footplate

52
Q

Head of stapes

A

articulates with the long crus of incus

53
Q

Stapes footplate

A

fits in the oval window

54
Q

Malleus and incus and incus and stapes joints

A

SYNOVIAL joints

55
Q

Vibrations of the tympanic membrane

A

move ossicles transmitted to oval window via the footplates of the stapes

56
Q

Tensor tympani m

A

auditory tube to handle of malleus, pulls tympanic membrane medially, dampening the effects of sounds waves (n. to tensor tympani V-3)

57
Q

Stapedius m.

A

bony pyramid on posterior wall and attaches vis tendon to neck of stapes; pulls footplate away from oval window, dampening the sound; (innervated by CN7)

58
Q

Hyperacusis

A

paralysis of CN7 (Bell’s palsy) can cause sensitivity to loudness due to function loss of stapedius

59
Q

Inner ear

A

bony labrinth and membranous labrinth

60
Q

Bony labrinth houses

A

membranous labrinth and perilymph is located between, endolymph is contained within membranous labrinth

61
Q

Bony Labrinth consists of

A

cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals

62
Q

Cochlea

A

2.5X spins, perilymph wave through cochlea in response to movement of oval window (round window opens)

63
Q

Vestibule

A

area between cochlea and semicircular canal (oval window is in wall of vestibule)

64
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Anterior, Posterior, and Lateral at right angles (x, y, z axis) lateral canal are horizontal and anterior canal and posterior canal are in same plane of opposite sides

65
Q

Membranous labrinth

A

Cochlear duct, utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts

66
Q

Hearing:

A

fluid waves in endolymph of cochlear duct stimulate receptor cells and mechanical movement is conducted into nerve impulses

67
Q

Equilibrium

A

angular acceleration of endolymph in vestibular ducts stimulates receptors, each side work in concert

68
Q

Maculae

A

specialized area of sensory epithelium within the utricle and saccule; monitor head position

69
Q

semicircular ducts open into

A

utricle

70
Q

utricle and saccule communicate via

A

utricosaccular duct

71
Q

Saccule is continuous with

A

cochlear duct

72
Q

Innervation of the ear

A

CN8, cochlear division and vestibular division

73
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

loss of any structure that assists in creating movement at the oval and round windows

74
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

lesion or damage of any portion of the nervous system involved in conduction or interpretation of nerve impulses

Anatomy (14 decks)

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