G50: Craniovertebral joints

Question 1

Atlantooccipital joint

Answer 1

2 synovial joints (occipital condyles-superior facet), permits flexion and extension

Question 2

Atlantoaxial joint

Answer 2

3 synovial joints (2- superior facet, 1-anterior arch facet-dens), permits rotation

Question 3

Anterior longitudinal ligament is called ________ when it reaches the atlantooccipital joint

Answer 3

Anterior atlantooccipital membrane

Question 4

Ligmentum flavum (b/w lamina of adjacent vertebra) is called _______ when it reaches the atlantooccipital joint

Answer 4

Posterior atlantooccipital membrane; pierced by vertebral a.

Question 5

Posterior longitudinal ligament is called ________ when it reaches the atlantooccipital joint

Answer 5

Tectorial membrane

Question 6

Cruciform ligament

Answer 6

ligament deep to the tectorial membrane with a transverse and longitudinal portion

Question 7

Transverse portion of the cruciform ligament

Answer 7

holds dens to anterior arch of atlas

Question 8

Longitudinal portion of the cruciform ligament

Answer 8

extends from the transverse portion to the occiput and to the body of axis

Question 9

Hangman’s fracture

Answer 9

bilateral fracture of pedicles of the axis, may fracture dens and transverse portion of cruciform ligament

Question 10

Alar ligaments

Answer 10

ligament from the dens to lateral margin of foramen magnum; prevent over rotation of skull

Question 11

Longus capitis orgin

Answer 11

anterior tubercles of C3-C6 TP

Question 12

Longus capitis insertion

Answer 12

basilar portion of the occipital bone

Question 13

Longus capitis action

Answer 13

flexion of head

Question 14

Longus colli origin

Answer 14

anterior surface of bodies and TP of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Question 15

Longus colli insertion

Answer 15

anterior surface of bodies of cervical and vertebrae

Question 16

Longus coli action

Answer 16

flex neck

Question 17

rectus capitis anterior origin

Answer 17

anterior TP of Atlas

Question 18

rectus capitis anterior insertion

Answer 18

basilar part of occiput

Question 19

rectus capitis anterior action

Answer 19

flex head

Question 20

Rectus capitis lateralis origin

Answer 20

TP of atlas

Question 21

Rectus capitis lateralis insertion

Answer 21

Occipital bone

Question 22

Rectus capitis lateralis action

Answer 22

bend head to same side

Question 23

Prevertebral fascia

Answer 23

covers, prevertebral muscles, floor of posterior triangle, base of skull to T3 and fuses with anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 24

Pharynx

Answer 24

Respiratory and GI, from base of skull to cricoid cartilage, striated muscle internally lined with mucosa and externally lined with bucopharyngeal fascia

Question 25

Retropharyngeal space

Answer 25

space between bucopharyngeal and prevertebral fascia, filled with loose CT and continuous with superior mediastinum (infection from nose ->thorax)

Question 26

Jugular foramen

Answer 26

internal jugular v, CN 9, CN 10, CN 11

Question 27

CN 9 sensory to pharynx

Answer 27

(tympanic and lesser petrosal n. to otic ganglion), sensation and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue, sensation to pharynx, larynx, carotid body and carotid sinus

Question 28

CN 10 sensory

Answer 28

superior laryngeal n and pharyngeal branches

Question 29

CN 12

Answer 29

muscles of tongue

Question 30

Vertebral artery pierces what on its way to the foramen magnum

Answer 30

posterior atlantooccipital membrane

Question 31

What nerve innervates stylopharyngeus?

Answer 31

glossopharyngeal n (nerve is on the surface of this muscle)

Question 32

Nodose ganglion

Answer 32

Vagus nerve with inferior ganglion