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Anatomy > G53: The Pharynx > Flashcards

G53: The Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

The pharynx connects the

A

nasal and oral cavities to the esophagus and larynx

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2
Q

Pharynx has complete _________ walls and incomplete ________ walls

A

posterior and lateral walls; anterior walls

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3
Q

Retropharyngeal space

A

space between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia

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4
Q

External layers of pharynx

A

buccopharyngeal fascia

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5
Q

Buccopharyngeal fascia

A

outer surface of buccinator, continuous with pretracheal fascia

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6
Q

Outer layer of muscle - Pharyngeal constrictors

A

outer layer of voluntary muscle, circular in orientation

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7
Q

Inner layer of muscle

A

stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus, longitudinal in orientation

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8
Q

Internal fibrous layer of pharynx

A

pharyngobasilar fascia, suspends pharynx from skull

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9
Q

Mucosa of pharynx

A

abundant mucosal glands and lymph tissue (esp in tonsils)

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10
Q

Nasopharynx

A

posterior to nasal cavity

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11
Q

choanae

A

posterior nasal aperture opens into nasopharynx

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12
Q

Auditory tubes

A

open into lateral wall of nasopharynx

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13
Q

Torus Tubarius

A

bulge over the cartilage tube

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14
Q

Salphingopharyngeal fold

A

runs inferior from torus tubarius

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15
Q

Pharyngeal recess

A

narrow space posterior to torus tubarius and salpingopharyngeal fold

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16
Q

Soft palate separates

A

nasopharynx and oropharynx

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17
Q

Pharyngeal isthmus

A

the communication between the oro- and nasopharynx (posterior to soft palate)

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18
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil

A

adenoids, superior region of posterior wall of naso pharynx

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19
Q

Enlarged adenoids

A

may block auditory tube, cause hearing impairment, difficulty breathing or talking

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20
Q

Oropharynx

A

posterior to oral cavity

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21
Q

Oropharyngeal isthmus

A

communication between oropharynx and oral cavity, between palatoglossal folds

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22
Q

Faucial isthmus

A

deeper passageway including oropharyngeal isthmus and extending to the PALATOPHARYNGEAL FOLDS

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23
Q

palatoglossal folds

A

first M-arch you see in the back of your mouth

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24
Q

Palatopharyngeal folds

A

deeper M-arch seen in back of mouth

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25
Q

Anterior wall of oropharynx

A

tongue

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26
Q

Lingual tonsil

A

covers posterior part of tongue

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27
Q

Palatine tonsils

A

on lateral walls between palatoglossal folds and palatopharyngeal folds

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28
Q

Tonsillar fossa

A

houses the palatine tonsils, depression between palatoglossal folds and palatopharyngeal folds

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29
Q

Tonsillar crypts

A

grooves seen on the palatine tonsils

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30
Q

Valleculae

A

depressions between tongue and epiglottis, where swallowed objects get lodged.

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31
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

posterior to larynx

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32
Q

Anterior wall of Laryngopharynx

A

posterior aspect of larynx

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33
Q

Laryngopharynx communicates with

A

inlet of larynx and esophagus

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34
Q

Piriform recess

A

lateral to cricoid cartilage, food my get lodged here

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35
Q

Superior constrictor anterior attachments

A

medial pterygoid plate and pterygomandibular raphe (same as buccinator)

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36
Q

pterygomandibular raphe

A

band of fibrous tissue running from pterygoid hamulus to body of mandible

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37
Q

Superior constrictor posterior attachments

A

median pharyngeal raphe and pharyngeal tubercle on occipital bone

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38
Q

Middle constrictor anterior attachment

A

stylohyoid ligament and horns of hyoid bone

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39
Q

Middle constrictor posterior attachment

A

median pharyngeal raphe (overlaps superior constrictor)

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40
Q

Inferior constrictor anterior attachment

A

thyroid and cricoud cartilage of larynx

41
Q

Inferior constrictor posterior attachment

A

median pharyngeal raphe (overlaps middle constrictor)

42
Q

Action of all constrictors?

A

constrict and shorten (elevate) the pharynx

43
Q

Inferior constrictor has an additional action?

A

circular layer of muscle that acts as a sphincter, preventing air from entering the esophagus

44
Q

Pulsion diverticulum

A

if you do not relax the inferior constrictor during swallowing you may cause a herniation of mucosa through the muscular layer

45
Q

Stylopharyngeus origin

A

styloid process of temporal bone

46
Q

Stylopharyngeus insertion

A

thyroid cartilage and inner wall of laryngopharynx

47
Q

What muscles does the stylopharyngeus pass between?

A

superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors (along with glossopharyngeal)

48
Q

Palatopharyngeus superior attachment

A

soft palate

49
Q

Palatopharyngeus inferior attachment

A

thyroid cartilage and inner wall of laryngopharynx (same as stylopharyngeus)

50
Q

Action of stylopharyngeus

A

shorten (elevate) pharynx and elevate larynx

51
Q

Action of Palatopharyngeus

A

Elevates pharynx and larynx, depresses soft palate and narrows space palatopharyngeal folds

52
Q

Salpingopharyngeus superior attachment

A

medial cartilage of auditory tube

53
Q

Salpingopharyngeus inferior attachment

A

blends with Palatopharyngeus; some fibers insert on thyroid cartilage

54
Q

Action of Salpingopharyngeus

A

Open the auditory tube, elevate pharynx and larynx

55
Q

Velum

A

soft palate

56
Q

Uvula

A

part of the soft palate

57
Q

Soft palate composition

A

mucous and seromucous glands on inferior aspect and muscle

58
Q

Soft palate attachment

A

hard palate anteriorly and walls of pharynx laterally

59
Q

Palatoglossus muscle superior attachment

A

soft palate

60
Q

Palatoglossus muscle inferior attachment

A

sides of tongue

61
Q

Action of Palatoglossus muscle

A

depress soft palate, elevate tongue, narrow oropharyngeal isthmus (seal for sucking and swallowing)

62
Q

Levator Veli Palatini origin

A

petrous part of temporal bone

63
Q

Levator Veli Palatini insertion

A

soft palate

64
Q

Action of Levator Veli Palatini

A

elevate soft palate and draw it posteriorly (MAIN mechanism for closing pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing or for speech)

65
Q

Tensor Veli palatini origin

A

scaphoid fossa and lateral membranous wall of auditory tube

66
Q

Tensor Veli palatini insertion

A

tendon via the pterygoid hamulus; the palatine aponeurosis attaches to posterior margin of the hard palate and opposite half of aponeurosis

67
Q

palatine aponeurosis

A

tendon of tensor veli palatini becomes the aponeurosis after passing the hamulus

68
Q

Action of Tensor Veli palatini

A

opens the auditory tube by pulling on its lateral membranous wall during swallowing or yawning

69
Q

Innervation of Tensor Veli palatini

A

mandibular division of trigeminal n

70
Q

Stylopharyngeus innervation

A

glossopharyngeal n

71
Q

What nerve primarily innervates the pharyngeal and soft palate muscles?

A

Vagus n.

72
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies what muscles

A

voluntary muscles of the esophagus

73
Q

Levator veli palatini is partially supplied by what nerve?

A

facial n

74
Q

Sensory innervation to the soft palate and nasopahrynx is supplied by

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal n

75
Q

Oropharynx and part of laryngopharynx sensory innervation is supplied by

A

glossopharyngeal n

76
Q

What nerve supplies special sensory taste fibers and sensory fibers to the posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

glossopharyngeal n

77
Q

What nerve supplies the mucus membrane of the auditory tube and middle ear cavity?

A

glossopharyngeal n.

78
Q

Major portion of laryngopharynx is supplied by

A

vagus n.

79
Q

What arteries contribute to supplying the pharynx?

A

maxillary a. (lesser palatine to soft palate), ascending pharyngeal a, superior thyroid a., inferior thyroid a, facial a. branches

80
Q

What veins drain the pharynx

A

pharnygeal venous plexus, connections to internal jugular v

81
Q

Lymph drainage of pharynx

A

retropharyngeal nodes -> deep cervical nodes -> jugular lymph trunks

82
Q

Anterior 2/3 of the auditory tube

A

Cartilage superior and medially, but is membranous laterally

83
Q

Posterior 1/3 of auditory tube is

A

embedded in the temporal bone

84
Q

Function of auditory tube

A

equalize air pressure form middle ear cavity and atmosphere for optimal sensitivity to sound

85
Q

Chronic obstruction of auditory tube

A

air is absorbed and replaced by serous fluid

86
Q

Deglutition

A

swallowing

87
Q

Tongue movement during deglutition

A

superiorly and posteriorly

88
Q

Pharyngeal isthmus action during deglutition

A

closes due to levator veli palatini and superior constrictor

89
Q

Auditory tube during deglutition

A

OPENS

90
Q

Constrictor action during deglutition

A

contract in a sequential peristaltic wave

91
Q

Pharynx action during deglutition

A

elevates past the bolus of food (glove action)

92
Q

Larynx action during deglutition

A

elevates and epiglottis covers opening, glottis closes

93
Q

Esophagus action during deglutition

A

sphincter relaxes to let bolus pass and immediately contracts to force bolus down

94
Q

Changes during development

A

Oropharynx lengthens an laryngeal entrance stays in pharyngeal isthmus (projects into nasopharynx in infants, milk flows laterally around)

95
Q

Benefits for infants and adults

A

Infants: suckle and breath; Adults: speech progression but more likely to choke

96
Q

Pharynx role in vocalization

A

controls air in its lumen

97
Q

Less air in pharynx

A

resonation at a higher sound frequency (high pitch)

98
Q

High pitch mechanism

A

larynx is raised to reduce volume of oropharynx and pharyngeal isthmus narrows reducing volume of oral cavity

Anatomy (14 decks)

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