G49: Cranial Autonomics

Question 1

Parasympathetic Innervation

Answer 1

Increased mucosal secretions, salivary secretions, lacrimal secretions, sphincter pupillae (constriction) and ciliary muscles (rounding/accomodation of lens)

Question 2

Sympathetic Innervation

Answer 2

Vascular smooth muscle (vasoconstriction), sweat glands, arrector pili, dilator pupillae (dilation of pupil) and superior tarsal m. (raising of eyelids)

Question 3

Salivary glands and lacrimal glands

Answer 3

Parasympathetic: watery secretion for digestion
Sympathetic: thick viscous secretion

Question 4

Mucous glands

Answer 4

Parasympathetic: thick, viscous secretions
Sympathetic: thin, watery

Question 5

ALL sympathetic fibers in the head are

Answer 5

POSTGANGLIONIC (preganglion T1-L2 synapse in cervical ganglia (superior, middle, inferior))

Question 6

POSTGANGLIONIC SYMPATHETICS travel with

Answer 6

branches of carotid a

Question 7

Horner’s Syndrome

Answer 7

compression of sympathetic trunk in mediastinum (tumor of lung), miosis, ptosis (superior tarsal m), vasodilation/flushing, absence of sweating unilaterally

Question 8

PREGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC fibers leave brain stem in 4 CNs

Answer 8

CN3, CN7, CN9, CN10

Question 9

PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA associated with only three of the CN nerves

Answer 9

CN3, CN7 (x2), CN 9, vagus does not have apparent ganglion in head, just on wall of organ

Question 10

Ciliary ganglion

Answer 10

CN 3 Oculomotor

Question 11

Otic ganglion

Answer 11

CN 9 glossopharyngeal

Question 12

pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia

Answer 12

CN 7 facial n

Question 13

POSTGANGLIONIC PARASYMPATHETIC travel via ______ to get to targets

Answer 13

HITCHHIKE on trigeminal n.branches

Question 14

Trigeminal n.

Answer 14

has no intrinsic parasympathetic sensory outflow, but distributes parasympathetic postganglionic fibers

Question 15

4 parasympathetic ganglion

Answer 15

ciliary (3), otic (9), Pterygopalatine (7), and Submandibular (7)

Question 16

Vagus n.

Answer 16

very little innervation to the head/neck

Question 17

What’s contained in all 4 parasympathetic ganglion

Answer 17

general sensory fibers from CN-5, postsynaptic sympathetic fibers (from sup. cervical ganglia), pre/postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers

Question 18

Parasympathetics associated with CN3 path

Answer 18

Edinger-Westphal nucleus -> travel along CN3->ciliary ganglion->short ciliary n.->innervate sphincter pupillae m. and ciliary m. (constriction and accommodation)

Question 19

Parasympathetics associated with CN7 path (1 path)

Answer 19

Superior salivatory nucleus -> (nervus intermedius) CN7 -> geniculate ganglion -> greater petrosal n.-> pterygopalatine ganglion -> lacrimal gland and mucosal gland of nasal cavity and plate

Question 20

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Answer 20

preganglionic parasympathetic to CN3

Question 21

Parasympathetics associated with CN7 path (2nd path)

Answer 21

Superior salivatory nucleus -> (nervus intermedius) CN7 -> chorda tympani n. -> lingual n. -> submandibular ganglion-> submandibular gland and sublingual salivatory gland

Question 22

Lingual n.

Answer 22

carries both pre- and postganglion parasympathetic depending on whether it’s before or after submandibular ganglion

Question 23

Path of parasympathetics associated with CN9

Answer 23

Inferior salivatory nucleus -> tympanic branch f CN9 -> lesser petrosal n. -> otic ganglion -> parotid salivary gland

Question 24

two sites for preganglionic fibers to vagus n.

Answer 24

Nucleus ambiguous (visceromotor), Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (secretomotor)

Question 25

Pathway from ciliary ganglion to target

Answer 25

CN3 inferior branch synapses on ciliary ganglion -> short ciliary nn. with post- parasympathetic and sympathetic to innervate sphincter pupillae, dilator pupillage, tarsal m, and ciliary m.

Question 26

Pathway from pterygopalatine ganglion to target

Answer 26

preganglionic parasympathetic in CN7 follows GREATER PETROSAL n. which is joined by postganglionic sympathetics from the depp petrosal n. forming the nerve of the pterygoid canal which synapses on pterygopalatine ganglion and follows Maxillay div of CN5-2 and lacrimal n. of CN5-1

Question 27

Pathway from submandibular ganglion to target

Answer 27

preganglionic parasympathetic in CN7 follows chorda tympani, through the petrotympanic fissure, it joins the lingual n. to synapse on the submandibular ganglion and joins back on lingual n. to synapse on submandibular gland and sublingual salivatory glands

Question 28

Pathway from otic ganglion to target

Answer 28

CN 9 -> tympanic n.-> tympanic plexus -> lesser petrosal n. -> otic ganglion -> auriculotemporal n. -> parotid salivary gland

Question 29

Frey’s Syndrome

Answer 29

Profuse sweating in preauricular parotid region during eating; trauma to parotid area injury to postganglion parasympathetic fibers that regenerate to target sympathetic targets (both utilize ACh)

Question 30

Where are the cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic to ciliary muscles located?

Answer 30

ciliary ganglion

Question 31

Where are the cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic to the sublingual glands located?

Answer 31

submandibular ganglion

Question 32

where are the cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in the glossopharyngeal located?

Answer 32

inferior salvatory nucleus

Question 33

What branches of the trigeminal nerve carries postganglionic parasympathetic to the parotid gland?

Answer 33

auriculotemporal n

Question 34

What branches of the trigeminal nerve carries postganglionic parasympathetic to the mucosal glands of the nasal cavity?

Answer 34

maxillary div of CN5

Question 35

What nerve combines with the greater petrosal nerve to form the nerve to pterygoid canal?

Answer 35

deep petrosal

Question 36

The chorda tympany as it emerges from the petrotympanic fissure, carries what kind of fibers?

Answer 36

secretomotor preganglionic parasympathetic and special sensory taste fibers (anterior 2/3 of tongue)