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Anatomy > G44: Interior of the braincase > Flashcards

G44: Interior of the braincase Flashcards

1
Q

Calvaria

A

skull cap

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2
Q

Inner and outer plates of bones of the skull

A

compact bone

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3
Q

Diploe

A

a layer of spongy bone between inner an outer plates, containing bone marrow

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4
Q

Veins of the diploe

A

Valveless and courses through the diploe to drain into the dural venous sinuses, possible route of infection because they communicate with veins of face and scalp

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5
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

areas where mucous membranes from the nasal cavity invade the spongy bone, forming air filled spaces with respiratory epithelial lining, secretions drain into nasal cavity

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6
Q

Anterior fontanelle

A

bregma; closes at 2 mo

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7
Q

Posterior fontanelle

A

lambda; closes at 6 mo

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8
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A

a midline groove in the inner aspect of the calvaria

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9
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

small depressions along the superior sagittal sinus groove

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10
Q

Anterior cranial fossa accomodates

A

frontal lobes

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11
Q

Anterior cranial fossa is formed by the

A

orbital plates of frontal bones, body and lesser wings of sphenoid bone, and cribiform plates and crista galli of ethmoid

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12
Q

Anterior attachment point for the flax cerebri

A

crista galli

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13
Q

Cribiform plates

A

(anterior fossa) lie on either side of the crista galli and contain numerous foramina for the transmission of the OLFACTORY NERVE FILA from the nasal cavity

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14
Q

Foramen Cecum

A

(anterior fossa) a small opening anterior to the crista galli that allows passage of an EMISSARY VEIN from the nasal cavity to the superior sagittal sinus (possible route of infection)

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15
Q

Middle Cranial fossa accomodates

A

the temporal lobes and pituitary gland

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16
Q

Middle cranial fossa is formed by..

A

body and greater wings of sphenoid and squamous and petrous part of temporal bone

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17
Q

Sella turcica

A

body of the sphenoid that contains the hypophysial fossa, between anterior and posterior clinoid processes

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18
Q

Sphenoid paranasal sinuses

A

lie immediately inferior to the sella turcica

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19
Q

Chiasmatic groove

A

anterior to the sella turcica, depression created by the optic chiasm and leads into the optic canals

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20
Q

Optic canal

A

transmits OPTIC N and OPTHALMIC a. from middle cranial fossa to the orbit

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21
Q

Carotid groove

A

lateral to the sella turcica, shallow depression caused by the internal carotid a.leads to carotid canal

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22
Q

Superior Orbital fissure

A

slit-like opening that lies between the greater and lesser wing of sphenoid. Transmits: CN3, CN4, CN5-1, CN6 to the orbit

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23
Q

Foramen Rotundum

A

in greater wing, transmits: CN5-2 maxillary div to the pterygopalatine fossa

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24
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

greater wing, transmits: CN5-3 mandibular div to the infratemporal fossa

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25
Q

Foramen Spinosum

A

opening near spine of sphenoid, transmits: middle meningeal artery and vein from infratemporal fossa to interior braincase, grooves radiating out from foramen spinosum caused by meningeal vessels

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26
Q

Carotid canal

A

internal carotid a. enters the cavernous sinus

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27
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

filled with cartilage in living

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28
Q

Hiatus and groove for greater and lesser petrosal nerves

A

cross the middle cranial fossa floor posterolaterally

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29
Q

Depression for the trigeminal ganglion

A

between endosteal and meningeal layers or the dura, two layers of the dura enclose the ganglion creating the trigeminal cave of Meckel

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30
Q

trigeminal cave of Meckel

A

two layers of the dura enclosing the trigeminal ganglion

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31
Q

Posterior cranial fossa accommodates…

A

cerebellum, pons, and medulla

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32
Q

Posterior cranial fossa is formed by

A

occipital bone, petrous and mastoid process of temporal bone

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33
Q

Clivus

A

a marked incline from the foramen magnum to the dorsum sellae, formed by the basilar portion of the occipital bone and sphenoid bone

34
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Transmits: spinal cord, vertebral a. and v. and spinal roots of CN 11

35
Q

Internal acoustic meatus

A

in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, transmits CN 7 and 8

36
Q

Jugular foramina

A

Transmits: CN 9,10,11, point at which the sigmoid and inferior petrosal sinus becomes the internal jugular v

37
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

lateral aspect of foramen magnum, transmits CN12

38
Q

Pia mater

A

delicate thin directly adhered to the brain

39
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

transparent, separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space

40
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

contains CSF, and is traversed by trabeculae

41
Q

Trabeculae

A

traverse the subarachnoid space and connect the pia mater to the arachnoid mater

42
Q

Arachnoid granulations

A

folded, tuft-like projections of the arachnoid mater that protrude through the dura and drain the CSF into the dural venous system

43
Q

Dura mater

A

thick, dense fibrous layer, that is split into inner and outer layers

44
Q

Inner meningeal layer of the dura mater

A

closely associated with the arachnoid mater, separated by the subdural layer

45
Q

Outer endosteal layer of the dura mater

A

Adherent to the skull, forms the periosteum of the inner surface, called endocranium

46
Q

The dura has 4 folds:

A

Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, and diaphragma sellae

47
Q

Falx cerebri

A

separates cerebrum hemispheres in the midline, attaches at crista galli and internal occipital protuberance

48
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

horizontal fold that separates occipital lobes from cerebellum, attaches to the anterior and posterior clinoid processes along the transverse sinus groove to the falx cerebri

49
Q

Tentorial notch

A

between the free edge of the tentorium cerebri and the clivus

50
Q

Tentorial herniation

A

intracranial pressure superior to the tentorium may force part of the temporal lobe through the notch

51
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

separates the cerebellar hemispheres; from the internal occipital protuberance to the foramen magnum

52
Q

Diaphragma sellae

A

circular horizontal fold over the hypophyseal fossa in the sella turcica with a central aperture for the stalk of the pituitary gland

53
Q

Dural venous sinuses

A

endothelium-lined spaces between dura (endosteal and meningeal or folded meningeal layers), carry blood and CSF from arachnoid granulations and drain into the internal jugular vein

54
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

A

in convex superior edge of the falx cerebri, courses posteriorly to the internal occipital protuberance to confluence of sinuses

55
Q

inferior sagittal sinus

A

inferior margin of falx cerebri to the point where tentorium and falx cerebri meet to drain into the straight dinus

56
Q

Straight sinus

A

where falx cerebri and tentorium meet, receives drainage from inferior sagittal sinus, and drains into the internal occipital protuberance (confluence of sinuses)

57
Q

Occipital sinus

A

within the falx cerebelli and drains into the confluence of sinuses

58
Q

Confluence of sinuses

A

dilation of sinuses at the internal occipital protuberance where the straight, superior sagittal and occipital sinuses converge

59
Q

Transverse sinuses

A

exit the confluence of sinuses laterally in the tentorium cerebelli

60
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A

continuation of the transverse sinus as it courses inferiorly to reach the jugular foramen

61
Q

Cavernous sinus

A

lie on either side of the sellae turcica and receives drainage from opthalmic v. and various sources. The sinus has CN3, 4, 5-1, 5-2 embedded in the dural lining and the internal carotid a. and CN 6 within the sinus
(reticulated inside appearance due to trabeculae)

62
Q

Superior petrosal sinus

A

from the cavernous sinus to the sigmoid sinus running along the superior petrosal ridge

63
Q

Inferior petrosal sinus

A

from the cavernous sinus to the jugular v, along the inferior edge of the petrosal ridge

64
Q

Main blood supply to the meninges

A

Middle meningeal artery (Foramen spinosum)

65
Q

Sensory innervation of meninges

A

CN5 and CN10

66
Q

Epidural hemorrhage

A

between calvaria and endosteal layer of dura mater, tear of middle meningeal a., slow compression of brain

67
Q

Subdural hemorrhage

A

between dura and arachnoid, slow due to low pressure

68
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

common after a stroke - rapid

69
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage

A

bleed into brain tissue itself

70
Q

Cribiform plate transmits

A

olfactory CN ! fila

71
Q

Optic Canal transmits

A

Optic n. CN II and opthalmic a. and v.

72
Q

Superior orbital fissure transmits

A

Oculomotor CN3, Trochlear n. CN 4, Opthalmic div of trigeminal CN5-1, Abducens CN6

73
Q

Foramen rotundum

A

Maxillary div of Trigeminal n. CN 5-2

74
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Mandibular div of Trigeminal n. CN5-3

75
Q

Internal acoustic meatus

A

Facial n. CN7 and Vestibulocochlear n. CN8

76
Q

Jugular foramen

A

glossopharyngeal CN9 and Vagus CN10 and Accessory n. CN11

77
Q

Hypoglossal canal

A

Hypoglossal n. CN12

78
Q

A blow to the head may fracture the inner plate

A

bone fragments can lacerate blood vessels near inner surface of cranium

79
Q

grooves in the inner aspect of calvaria

A

for meningeal vessels and emissary veins

80
Q

Foramina of anterior cranial fossa

A

Foramina for olfactory nerve fila and foramen cecum

Anatomy (14 decks)

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