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Anatomy > G55: Larynx > Flashcards

G55: Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Larynx function

A

produce voice, connect pharynx to trachea, respiratory system, patency of airway

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2
Q

Level of larynx

A

C3-C6

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3
Q

Cartilages that make up the larynx

A

thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic,(unpaired) arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform (paired)

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4
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

large, hyaline cartilage, 2 lamina fused, laryngeal prominence, thyroid notch, superior horn attached to hyoid, inferior horn articulates with cricoid

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5
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage; ONLY complete ring, narrow in front, wide in back, articulate with inferior horns of thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilages

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6
Q

Epiglottic cartilage

A

Elastic, behind root of tongue, attached to thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

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7
Q

What ligament attaches the epiglottic cartilage and thyroid cartilage?

A

Thyroepiglottic ligament

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8
Q

What ligament attaches the epiglottic cartilage and hyoid bone?

A

Hyoepiglottic ligament

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9
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

Hyaline, pyramidal, base articulate with cricoid, apex points posterior and medially, 2 processes - vocal and muscular

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10
Q

Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

A

projects into interior of the larynx, pointing toward thyroid cartilage, vocal ligament attaches here

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11
Q

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage

A

projects laterally, process is short and blunt attachment site for posterior cricoarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid

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12
Q

Corniculate cartilage

A

elastic, on apex of arytenoid

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13
Q

Cuneiform cartilage

A

elastic, aryepiglottic folds

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14
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane

A

runs between hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage; pierced by SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL A and INTERNAL LARYNGEAL N

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15
Q

Quadrangular membrane

A

from lateral margin of epiglottis to arytenoid cartilage; upper edge - aryepiglottic fold, lower edge under vestibular fold

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16
Q

Median cricothyroid ligament:

A

elastic tissue connecting cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

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17
Q

Vocal ligament

A

vocal process of arytenoid cartilage to posterior surface of thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

cricovocal membrane

A

attached to vocal ligament superiorly and cricoid cartilage inferiorly and laterally

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19
Q

Conus elasticus

A

median cricothyroid ligament + cricovocal membreane (ILL-DEFINED)

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20
Q

Cricothyroid joint

A

inferior horn of thyroid and criocoid; rotary and gliding motion

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21
Q

Cricoarytenoid joint

A

base of arytenoid cartilage and posterior surface of cricoid cartilage; gliding and rotation movements

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22
Q

Extrinsic muscles of larynx

A

attach on outer surface, move whole larynx

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23
Q

ELEVATORS OF larynx

A

THYROHYOID, STYLOPHARYNGEUS, PALATOPHARYNGEUS AND SUPRAHYOID via thyrohyoid membrane

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24
Q

DEPRESSORS OF larynx

A

STERNOTHYROID, OMOHYOID, STERNOHYOID

25
Q

Cricothyroid attachments

A

cricoid to inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

26
Q

Cricothyroid Action

A

tenses and elongates vocal ligament (tilts thyroid anterior)

27
Q

Cricothyroid innervation

A

external branch of Superior laryngeal n

28
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid attachment

A

posterior cricoid to MUSCULAR process of arytenoid

29
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid action

A

opens rima glottidis (abducts vocal folds)

30
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid innervation

A

recurrent (inferior) laryngeal n.

31
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid attachment

A

lateral side of cricoid to muscular process of arytenoid

32
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid action

A

closes rima glottidis (adducts vocal folds)

33
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid innervation

A

recurrent (inferior) laryngeal n.

34
Q

Arytenoid attachment

A

posterior sufaces of adjacent arytenoid cartilage

35
Q

Arytenoid action

A

closes rima glottidis (arytenoid approximate)

36
Q

Arytenoid innervation

A

recurrent (inferior) laryngeal n.

37
Q

Thyroarytenoid attachment

A

inner surface of thyroid cartilage inserts on base of arytenoid cartilage (medial portion inserts on vocal process

38
Q

Thyroarytenoid action

A

decreases tension on vocal ligament by drawing thyroid and arytenoid closer together

39
Q

Two muscles of the thyroarytenoid m

A

vocalis: thyroid to vocal process of arytenoid

thyroepiglottic m: prolonged fibers of thyroarytenoid along the aryepiglottic fold

40
Q

Action of Vocalis

A

produce high tones, increase tension in part

41
Q

Laryngeal aditus

A

superior opening into larynx from pharynx

42
Q

Vestibule

A

immediate opening between epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds

43
Q

Vestibular folds

A

upper fold; thick ridge of mucosa

44
Q

Vocal folds

A

lower fold; enclose vocal ligaments and part of arytenoid cartilage

45
Q

Ventricle

A

lies between to vestibular and vocal folds

46
Q

Rima Vestibuli

A

opening between the vestibular folds

47
Q

Rima glottidis

A

opening between the vocal folds

48
Q

Glottis

A

Rima glottidis + vocal folds (and parts of the arytenoid cartilage)

49
Q

Infraglottic cavity

A

space below vocal folds; continuous inferiorly with trachea

50
Q

Innervation to larynx

A

Branches of Vagus - internal laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal

51
Q

Internal laryngeal n

A

branch of superior laryngeal n. supplies sensory above the vocal folds; pierces the thyrohyoid membrane

52
Q

Motor innervation to the cricothyroid m

A

external branch of superior laryngeal m

53
Q

When does the recurrent laryngeal become the inferior laryngeal?

A

level of superior to cricothyroid joint

54
Q

All other intrinsic muscles of the larynx are innervated by…

A

recurrent laryngeal n

55
Q

What structures need you be worried about in a tonsillectomy?

A

facial a/v and glossopharyngeal

56
Q

What structures may be damaged by thyroid surgery?

A

recurrent laryngeal n.

57
Q

unilateral section of recurrent laryngeal will cause

A

hoarseness

58
Q

bilateral section of recurrent laryngeal will cause

A

suffocation, cricothyroid closes rima glottidis and its innervated by internal laryngeal (unopposed action)

59
Q

Blood supply to larynx

A

Superior laryngeal a from the superior thyroid a (external carotid) courses with internal laryngeal n.
Inferior laryngeal a from inferior thyroid a (thyrocervical trunk) courses with recurrent laryngeal (anastomosis)

Anatomy (14 decks)

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