NDT

Question 1

NDT primary principals

Answer 1

• neuro involvement of CNS —> abnormal tone and retention of primary reflexes
• developmental delays in motor maturation —> delayed scattered or arrested gross and fine motor skills

Question 2

NDT can be applied to

Answer 2

All dx

Changes are based on advances in motor learning and motor control

Question 3

NDT goals

Answer 3

Normalize tone and give people the opportunity to experience new movement patterns

Question 4

Developmental milestones

Answer 4

Reflect maturation of CNS

Very stereotypical responses

Question 5

Problems of pts w/ neuro disorders

Answer 5

Abnormal tone 
Decreased strength 
Disturbed synergistic organization
Impaired timing of muscle contractions
Disturbed postural synergies
Sensory deficits
Bilateral dysfunction
Altered bio mechanical alignment
Comm dysfunction

Question 6

Abnormal tone

Answer 6

Cluster of symptoms

Amount of spasticity someone has is NOT related to voluntary movement someone has

Question 7

Decreased strength

Answer 7

True and apparent weakness from hypertonic antagonist
Loss of type II motor units, fast fibers
Difficulty generating force at high velocities

Question 8

Disturbed synergistic organization

Answer 8

Tonic reflex, reemergence of reflexes w/ postural changes

Loss of movement patterns, loss of established linkages, ataxia, tremor

Question 9

Impaired timing of muscle contractions

Answer 9

Loss of coordinated synergistic w/ reciprocal inhibition of antagonist
Stroke pts demonstrate the reversal of activation pattern

Question 10

Disturbed postural synergies

Answer 10

Loss of anticipatory postural set w/ recruitment of abnormal or excessive muscle contractions to produce a movement

Question 11

Sensory deficits

Answer 11

Movement can result from CNS/out sensory input but movement breaks down in sensory input

Question 12

Bilateral dysfunction

Answer 12

Lack of normal interplay b/n two sides
All movement requires coordination b/n the two sides of body
Creates loss of midline

Question 13

Altered bio mechanical alignment

Answer 13

Alters the effort required to stay upright

Changes the motor program used

Question 14

Communication dysfunction

Answer 14

Aphasia
Neglect
Conscious memory not necessary for memory of motor skills

Question 15

NDT pt management

Answer 15

Achieving vertical orientation in space
Handling in vertical posture
Level of alter ness
Repetition w/ quality

Question 16

Concepts of normal development

Answer 16

Handling by parents in functional situations
Trunks as most important key point
Movement into higher level of activity as means of achieving perfection
Overlap principle
Grading sequence and control through activity
Carefully time handling sequences

Question 17

All pts regain control and function this sequence

Answer 17

• posturing and postural control
• transitional movement patterns
• ability to be active in postures…functioning

Question 18

Five components must be present for postural control

Answer 18

1. Trunk control and movement
2. Midline orientation
3. Movement over the BOS w/ weight shift
4. Head control on the trunk
5. Limb function and control on the trunk, alignment in terms of WB and tone control

Question 19

Transitional movement patterns

Answer 19

What we used to change position/ adjust ourselves
Need to have the same 5 components of posture present to have control in transition
Postural control w/ movement

Question 20

Function (movement)

Answer 20

Quality of movement w/ efficiency
Involves appropriate time sequences
Speed

Question 21

General principals of management and handling

Answer 21

“Living concept” - changing and active
Management of “life” - helping pt physically, mentally, emotionally,
Functional
Adaptable

Vs treatment (implies you are doing something to them)

Question 22

Management and handling - emphasis

Answer 22

Movement not dx
Focus on what is biomechanically advantageous for pt

Quality of life (movement and control, how they are moving)
Treating the whole person

Question 23

Management and handling - overlap in

Answer 23

Assessment and treatment

Inhibition and facilitation

Question 24

Quality of function

Answer 24

AIM for HIGHEST LEVEL of function that pt can achieve

Pay close attention to starting postures, key points of control

Question 25

Management and handling - sequencing

Answer 25

Preparation —> movement—> function
**WB precedes movement**
Isometric —> eccentric —> concentric 
Proximal to distal key points
Smaller to larger ranges

Give the “feel” for the movement

Question 26

NDT aim of tx

Answer 26

Accomplishing a task in most efficient way
Active
Ask them to solve a problem
Set it up that there is high probability that pt will chose a certain strategy
Allow pt to make mistakes (provide feedback)
Provide variety of experiences w/in a task and w/in a movement

Question 27

Aim of tx - function

Answer 27

Part task to whole task
Individual exercises do not automatically translate to function
CNS will not recognize movement as valuable unless it is put back into a functional situation

Question 28

Aim of tx - repitition

Answer 28

Only way to get carryover