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Natural Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Also called the Innate Immune System

A

Natural Immune SYstem

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2
Q

Acidity of the skin is a part of the 2nd line of immune system. T/F

A

F. Acidity is a chemical barrier under the 1st line of immune system

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3
Q

A substance that cleaves the cell wall of G+ bacteria

A

Lysozyme

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4
Q

What substance digests the bacterial surface protein?

A

Pepsin

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5
Q

What substance binds iron essential for bacterial growth?

A

Lactoferrin

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6
Q

What is the pH of skin?

A

5.5-5.6

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7
Q

pH of vagina

A

pH 5

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8
Q

What is the pH of stomach?

A

pH 1

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9
Q

Lactobacillus acidophilus present in the vagina is what type of barrier?

A

Biological Barrier.
A normal flora in the vagina that maintains the acidity against pathogens

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10
Q

The ciliary action of the trachea is a what type of barrier?

A

Physical Barrier

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11
Q

Phagocytes like Neutrophil and Basophil belong to what line of immune defense?

A

2nd Line of immune defense

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12
Q

What phagocyte is the most efficient and 1st to migrate at the site of infection?

A

Neutrophil

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13
Q

Cell clinical significant during hypersensitivity

A

Basophil

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14
Q

What cell indicates acute & bacterial infection?

A

Neutrophil

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15
Q

Provide 2 types of APCs

A

1.Dendritic cell
2. Macrophage

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16
Q

Dendritic cells in the skin

A

Langerhans cells

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17
Q

APC at the secondary lymphoid organs

A

Interdigitating dendritic cells

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18
Q

Dendritic cells at major organs

A

Interstitial dendritic cells

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19
Q

Macrophage in the liver

A

Kupffer cells

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20
Q

Macrophage in the brain

A

Microglial cells

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21
Q

Microphage in the Kidney

A

Mesangial cells

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22
Q

Macrophage in the lungs

A

Alveolar cells

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23
Q

Macrophage in the bones

A

Osteoclasts

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24
Q

Macrophage in the spleen

A

Splenic macrophage/Littoral cells

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25
What cells create antibodies?
B cells
26
Most potent mediator of Type I hypersensitivity
MAst Cells
27
"Null lymphocyte"
NK cells
28
Attacks virally infected cells, tumor cells, secretes perforins & granzymes
NK cells
29
Inhibitory receptors
Killer Cell Ig-like receptor (KIR), ILT/LIR, CD94/NKG2A
30
NK cells express what CD markers
CD 16, CD 56
31
Bridges innate and adaptive immune response
NK cells
32
NK cells also called ____ when exposed to IL-2 & IFN-y
Lymphokine Activated Killer Cells/LAKs
33
the engulfment & destruction of microorganisms or damaged cells
Phagocytosis
34
Steps of Phagocytosis
ICED Initiation, Chemotaxis, Engulfment/Ingestion, Digestion/Killing
35
Process where cells move in a certain direction under the stimulation of chemotaxin
Chemotaxis
36
Without chemotaxin, cells move in
RANDOM
37
Test for Chemotaxis
Boyden Chamber
38
Migration TOWARDS THE SITE
Positive Chemotaxis
39
Migration AWAY FROM THE SITE
Negative Chemotaxis
40
Receptors of the innate immune system recognized PAMPS through
Pattern Recognition receptor (PRR)
41
Receptors of the innate immune system recognized ________ through PRR
PAMPS (PAthogen Associated Molecular Pattern)
42
Receptors of the innate immune system recognized PAMPS through PRR
Adhesion
43
Toll Like Receptor is from
fruit fly/ drosophilia fly
44
TLR1
Mycobacteria
45
TLR2
Teichoic Acid (G+)
46
TLR4
Lipopolysaccharides (G-)
47
Macrophage Mannose receptor
Calcium Dependent Lecithin/ C-Type Lecithin Receptor/ CLR
48
Recognizes Anionic polymers & Protein
Scavenger Recptor
49
Phagocytes engulf foreign matter through
membrane Invagination
50
The engulfment of the phagocytes leads to the formation of a
Phagosome
51
Interact with the surfaces of bacteria, speeding up phagocytosis
Opsonins
52
Hydrolytic enzymes & peroxidase fused with the phagosome , forming phagolysosome degrading & rupturing it
Digestion
53
This enzyme activity leads to the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species/ROS
NADPH Oxidase
54
Products of respiratory burst
O2- superoxide OH (hydroxyl radical) Singlet O2 H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide)
55
this leads to the production of hypochlorite
Myeloperoxidase system
56
Cleaves bacterial cell membrane
Defensin
57
proteases that cleaves proteins in the cell
Cathepsin G
58
Cleaves Bacterial cell wall
Lysozyme/Muramidase
59
produced by the activated macrophage
Nitric oxide
60
PRR binds to the PAMPS
Adhesion
61
Lysosomal granules fuse with the phagosome
Granule contact
62
cell move to the site of injury (due to C5a)
Chemotaxis
63
The body's overall reaction to injury or invasion
Inflammation
64
Normal serum constituents that increase rapidly by 25% due to infx, injury, or trauma
Acute Phase Reactants
65
CRP
Opsonization, complement activatiob
66
Serum Amyloid A
activates monocytes, macrophages
67
a1-antitrypsin
Protease inhibitor
68
Fibrinogen
Clot formation
69
Haptoglobin
binds hemoglobin
70
Ceruloplasmin
binds copper, oxidizes iron
71
C3 complement
opsonization, lysis
72
CRP response time
4-6 hrs
73
Serum Amyloid A reponse time
24 hrs
74
CRP normal concentration
0.5 mg/dL
75
CRP increase
1000x
76
Serum Amyloid A increase
1000x
77
APR: 2x increase
Ceruloplasmin, C3
78
APR: 2-5x increase
A1- antitrypsin, Fibrinogen
79
Haptoglobin increase
2-10x
80
APR that increases more in bacterial infections than viral infections
Serum Amyloid A
81
Best indicator for Acute inflammation
CRP
82
CRP Principle
Reverse passive Agglutination
83
Group of cytokines in virally infected cells that interfere with replication
Interferons
84
IFN-a other name
Leukocyte IFN
85
IFN-b
Epithelial Fibroblast IFN
86
IFN-y
Immune IFN
87
IFN-a producer cells
Null lymphocyte/NK cells
88
IFN-b producer cells
Fibroblast, Epithelial cells, Macrophages
89
IFN-y producer cells
Th1 cells, NK cells
90
TNF-a
Cachetin
91
TNF-b
Lymphotoxin
92
Lymphotoxin is produced by
T cells (CD4, CD 8), B cells
93
Cachetin is produced by
Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophage, activated T cells
94
cytokines that stimulate transendothelial leukocyte movement, regulate the migration of PMNs & mononuclear leukocytes
Chemokines
95
Acquired, Specific Immune System
Adaptive immune System
96
Anamnestic immune response, forms memory cells
Adaptive Immune System
97
Active, Natural
Infection
98
Active, Artificial
Vaccination
99
Passive, Natural
Colostrum (IgA), Placental (IgG)
100
Passive, Artificial
Serum therapy (anti-tetanus, Rhogam)
101
Hepa A, Polio (Salk), Rabies, Whooping cough Vaccines
Inactive vaccines
102
Tetanus, Diptheria Vaccines
Toxoids
103
Smallpox, BCG, Polio (Sabin), Chickenpox, MMR Vaccines
Live Attenuated
104
Recombinant HBsAg from genetically engineered yeast cell
Synthetic cell
105

Immunoserology (21 decks)

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