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Natural Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Also called the Innate Immune System

A

Natural Immune SYstem

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2
Q

Acidity of the skin is a part of the 2nd line of immune system. T/F

A

F. Acidity is a chemical barrier under the 1st line of immune system

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3
Q

A substance that cleaves the cell wall of G+ bacteria

A

Lysozyme

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4
Q

What substance digests the bacterial surface protein?

A

Pepsin

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5
Q

What substance binds iron essential for bacterial growth?

A

Lactoferrin

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6
Q

What is the pH of skin?

A

5.5-5.6

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7
Q

pH of vagina

A

pH 5

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8
Q

What is the pH of stomach?

A

pH 1

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9
Q

Lactobacillus acidophilus present in the vagina is what type of barrier?

A

Biological Barrier.
A normal flora in the vagina that maintains the acidity against pathogens

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10
Q

The ciliary action of the trachea is a what type of barrier?

A

Physical Barrier

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11
Q

Phagocytes like Neutrophil and Basophil belong to what line of immune defense?

A

2nd Line of immune defense

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12
Q

What phagocyte is the most efficient and 1st to migrate at the site of infection?

A

Neutrophil

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13
Q

Cell clinical significant during hypersensitivity

A

Basophil

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14
Q

What cell indicates acute & bacterial infection?

A

Neutrophil

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15
Q

Provide 2 types of APCs

A

1.Dendritic cell
2. Macrophage

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16
Q

Dendritic cells in the skin

A

Langerhans cells

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17
Q

APC at the secondary lymphoid organs

A

Interdigitating dendritic cells

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18
Q

Dendritic cells at major organs

A

Interstitial dendritic cells

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19
Q

Macrophage in the liver

A

Kupffer cells

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20
Q

Macrophage in the brain

A

Microglial cells

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21
Q

Microphage in the Kidney

A

Mesangial cells

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22
Q

Macrophage in the lungs

A

Alveolar cells

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23
Q

Macrophage in the bones

A

Osteoclasts

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24
Q

Macrophage in the spleen

A

Splenic macrophage/Littoral cells

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25
Q

What cells create antibodies?

A

B cells

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26
Q

Most potent mediator of Type I hypersensitivity

A

MAst Cells

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27
Q

“Null lymphocyte”

A

NK cells

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28
Q

Attacks virally infected cells, tumor cells, secretes perforins & granzymes

A

NK cells

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29
Q

Inhibitory receptors

A

Killer Cell Ig-like receptor (KIR), ILT/LIR, CD94/NKG2A

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30
Q

NK cells express what CD markers

A

CD 16, CD 56

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31
Q

Bridges innate and adaptive immune response

A

NK cells

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32
Q

NK cells also called ____ when exposed to IL-2 & IFN-y

A

Lymphokine Activated Killer Cells/LAKs

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33
Q

the engulfment & destruction of microorganisms or damaged cells

A

Phagocytosis

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34
Q

Steps of Phagocytosis

A

ICED
Initiation, Chemotaxis, Engulfment/Ingestion, Digestion/Killing

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35
Q

Process where cells move in a certain direction under the stimulation of chemotaxin

A

Chemotaxis

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36
Q

Without chemotaxin, cells move in

A

RANDOM

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37
Q

Test for Chemotaxis

A

Boyden Chamber

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38
Q

Migration TOWARDS THE SITE

A

Positive Chemotaxis

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39
Q

Migration AWAY FROM THE SITE

A

Negative Chemotaxis

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40
Q

Receptors of the innate immune system recognized PAMPS through

A

Pattern Recognition receptor (PRR)

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41
Q

Receptors of the innate immune system recognized ________ through PRR

A

PAMPS (PAthogen Associated Molecular Pattern)

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42
Q

Receptors of the innate immune system recognized PAMPS through PRR

A

Adhesion

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43
Q

Toll Like Receptor is from

A

fruit fly/ drosophilia fly

44
Q

TLR1

A

Mycobacteria

45
Q

TLR2

A

Teichoic Acid (G+)

46
Q

TLR4

A

Lipopolysaccharides (G-)

47
Q

Macrophage Mannose receptor

A

Calcium Dependent Lecithin/ C-Type Lecithin Receptor/ CLR

48
Q

Recognizes Anionic polymers & Protein

A

Scavenger Recptor

49
Q

Phagocytes engulf foreign matter through

A

membrane Invagination

50
Q

The engulfment of the phagocytes leads to the formation of a

51
Q

Interact with the surfaces of bacteria, speeding up phagocytosis

52
Q

Hydrolytic enzymes & peroxidase fused with the phagosome , forming phagolysosome degrading & rupturing it

53
Q

This enzyme activity leads to the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species/ROS

A

NADPH Oxidase

54
Q

Products of respiratory burst

A

O2- superoxide
OH (hydroxyl radical)
Singlet O2
H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide)

55
Q

this leads to the production of hypochlorite

A

Myeloperoxidase system

56
Q

Cleaves bacterial cell membrane

57
Q

proteases that cleaves proteins in the cell

A

Cathepsin G

58
Q

Cleaves Bacterial cell wall

A

Lysozyme/Muramidase

59
Q

produced by the activated macrophage

A

Nitric oxide

60
Q

PRR binds to the PAMPS

61
Q

Lysosomal granules fuse with the phagosome

A

Granule contact

62
Q

cell move to the site of injury (due to C5a)

A

Chemotaxis

63
Q

The body’s overall reaction to injury or invasion

A

Inflammation

64
Q

Normal serum constituents that increase rapidly by 25% due to infx, injury, or trauma

A

Acute Phase Reactants

65
Q

CRP

A

Opsonization, complement activatiob

66
Q

Serum Amyloid A

A

activates monocytes, macrophages

67
Q

a1-antitrypsin

A

Protease inhibitor

68
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Clot formation

69
Q

Haptoglobin

A

binds hemoglobin

70
Q

Ceruloplasmin

A

binds copper, oxidizes iron

71
Q

C3 complement

A

opsonization, lysis

72
Q

CRP response time

73
Q

Serum Amyloid A reponse time

74
Q

CRP normal concentration

75
Q

CRP increase

76
Q

Serum Amyloid A increase

77
Q

APR: 2x increase

A

Ceruloplasmin, C3

78
Q

APR: 2-5x increase

A

A1- antitrypsin, Fibrinogen

79
Q

Haptoglobin increase

80
Q

APR that increases more in bacterial infections than viral infections

A

Serum Amyloid A

81
Q

Best indicator for Acute inflammation

82
Q

CRP Principle

A

Reverse passive Agglutination

83
Q

Group of cytokines in virally infected cells that interfere with replication

A

Interferons

84
Q

IFN-a other name

A

Leukocyte IFN

85
Q

IFN-b

A

Epithelial Fibroblast IFN

86
Q

IFN-y

A

Immune IFN

87
Q

IFN-a producer cells

A

Null lymphocyte/NK cells

88
Q

IFN-b producer cells

A

Fibroblast, Epithelial cells, Macrophages

89
Q

IFN-y producer cells

A

Th1 cells, NK cells

90
Q

TNF-a

91
Q

TNF-b

A

Lymphotoxin

92
Q

Lymphotoxin is produced by

A

T cells (CD4, CD 8), B cells

93
Q

Cachetin is produced by

A

Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophage, activated T cells

94
Q

cytokines that stimulate transendothelial leukocyte movement, regulate the migration of PMNs & mononuclear leukocytes

A

Chemokines

95
Q

Acquired, Specific Immune System

A

Adaptive immune System

96
Q

Anamnestic immune response, forms memory cells

A

Adaptive Immune System

97
Q

Active, Natural

98
Q

Active, Artificial

A

Vaccination

99
Q

Passive, Natural

A

Colostrum (IgA), Placental (IgG)

100
Q

Passive, Artificial

A

Serum therapy (anti-tetanus, Rhogam)

101
Q

Hepa A, Polio (Salk), Rabies, Whooping cough Vaccines

A

Inactive vaccines

102
Q

Tetanus, Diptheria Vaccines

103
Q

Smallpox, BCG, Polio (Sabin), Chickenpox, MMR Vaccines

A

Live Attenuated

104
Q

Recombinant HBsAg from genetically engineered yeast cell

A

Synthetic cell

Immunoserology (21 decks)

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