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CMT > Nail Disorders > Flashcards

Nail Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is pitting associated with?

3 things

A
  • psoriasis
  • eczema
  • alopecia areata
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2
Q

what is transverse ridging assoicated with?

3 things

A
  • eczema
  • paronychia
  • psoriasis
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3
Q

what is a beau line?

A
  • transverse depression
  • affects all nails
  • stops nail growth
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4
Q

what is a beau line assoicated with?

A
  • acute systemic illness
  • high fever, measles, mumps, pneumonia, etc
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5
Q

what is onychorrhexis?

A

longitudinal bridging on the nail plate

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6
Q

what is onychorrhexis associated with?

6 things

A
  1. increased age
  2. lichen planus
  3. psoriasis
  4. onychomycosis
  5. Darier disease
  6. habit of picking
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7
Q

what is a longitudinal groove associated with?

2 things, 1 location

A
  • digital myxoid cyst or wart
  • overlying the proximal nail matrix
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8
Q

how does median canaliform nail dystrophy present?

2 components

A
  • feathery, central, longitudinal ridge with a fir tree pattern
  • usually on the thumb nails
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9
Q

what is median canaliform nail dystrophy associated with?

1

A

repetitive trauma

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10
Q

what is onychogryphosis?

A

a thick, hard, curved nail plate in the shape of a Ram’s horn

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11
Q

what is onychogryphosis associated with?

3

A
  • increased age
  • psoriasis
  • trauma
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12
Q

what is leukonychia?

A

white spots on the nails

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13
Q

what is leukonychia thought to be from if the white spots are transverse?

A

manicuring

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14
Q

what is leukonychia associated with?

3 things

A
  • familial
  • hypoalbuminemia
  • chronic renal failure
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15
Q

what does koilonychia look like?

A

thin, spoon shaped nail

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16
Q

what is koilonychia associated with?

5 things

A
  • iron deficient anemia
  • DM
  • protein deficiency
  • connective tissue disease
  • exposure to solvents
17
Q

Onychomycosis

which fungi/yeast cause this?

2, 1

A
  • Trichphyton rubrum, Tinea interdigitale
  • yeast: candida albicans
18
Q

Onychomycosis

common in who?

A

older age

19
Q

Onychomycosis

often results from?

A

untreated…
* tinea pedis
* tinea manuum

20
Q

Onychomycosis

clinical presentation

A
  • subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, scaly or flaky patches under the nail, pis ,brittle nails
21
Q

Onychomycosis

Dx

A
  1. KOH exam
  2. Periodic Acid-Schiff test (most sens)
22
Q

Onychomycosis

Tx

Boards vs real life vs OTC

A
  1. Boards: terbinafine PO
  2. practice: topical antifungals
  3. OTC: vicks
23
Q

Paronychia

acute vs chronic

A
  • acute < 6 wks
  • chronic > 6 wks
24
Q

Paronychia

inflammation of?

A

skin around a finger or toenail

25
Q

Paronychia

caused by which bacteria?

A
  • skin flora (staph or strep)
  • oral flora (nail biting)
  • candida (chronic)
26
Q

Paronychia

pathophys

A

comonly occurs after penetrating skin trauma

27
Q

Paronychia

clinical presentation

3

A
  • rapid onset of painful erythema and swelling to the proximal/lateral nail folds
  • occurs within 2 to 5 days of local trauma
  • may have purulent discharge or superficial abscess
28
Q

Paronychia

tx when mild

A
  • warm water
  • antiseptic soaks (chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine + topical antibacterial agent)
29
Q

Paronychia

tx when moderate

A
  • oral abx (cephalexin, dicloxacillin, augmentin if nail biter)
30
Q

Paronychia

tx if MRSA

A
  • trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazle DS
  • clindamycin
  • doxy
31
Q

Paronychia

abscess tx

A
  • incision & drainage
  • warm soaks
  • abx if cellulitis
32
Q

Felon

clinical manifestation

A

severe, throbbing pain, erythema, swelling, and fluctuance to the pad of the fingertip

33
Q

Felon

general overview

3 things

A
  1. clsoed space infection/abscess
  2. can be progression of paronychia
  3. most commonly occurs after skin trauma
34
Q

Felon

tx

w & w/out flactuant

A
  • w/out fluctant: elevation, warm water/saline soaks, oral abx (cephalexin)
  • w/ fluctant: incision & drainage

CMT (78 decks)

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