Concussions Flashcards
1
Q
TBI
approx how many people sustain a TBI each year in the US? what % are severe?
A
- 2.5 mil
- 10-25% are mod/severe
2
Q
TBI
most common cause in older adults? in younger adults?
A
- falls in older adults (1/3)
- MCV in younger adults (20-45%)
3
Q
TBI
most common sport to cause TBI?
A
- football overall
- girls soccer
4
Q
Concussion
how severe of TBI is this?
A
mild
5
Q
Concussion
what are mild TBI a result of?
A
direct external forces from brain being jostled around against intracranial surfaces
6
Q
Concussion
sx
6
A
- confusion
- amnesia
- HA
- Dizziness
- n/v
- LOC
7
Q
Concussion
PE exam components
3 components
A
- thorough history
- mental status exam (memory, attention, concentration)
- neruologic exam (CN, limb strength/reflexes, coord/gait)
8
Q
Concussion
pathophys of TBI
A
- axon stretch due to injury
- excitatory neurotransmitters released
- K+ efflux and Ca++ influx
9
Q
Concussion
metabolic changes
4
A
- hyperglycolysis
- lactate accumulation
- mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative phosphorylation
- increased energy need/decreased energy production
10
Q
Concussion
recovery rates for:
* brain metabolism
* concussive sx
* ion imbalance
A
- 30d
- 15d
- 4d
11
Q
Second Impact Syndrome
describe
A
diffuse cerebral swelling in setting of second concussion
12
Q
Post Concussion Syndrome
risk factors
2
A
- female gender
- increased age
13
Q
Post Concussion Syndrome
sx
7 components
A
- HAs
- TMJ
- occipital neuralgia
- trigeminal nerve injury
- dizziness (lightheadedness, vertigo)
- sleep disturbances (insomnia)
- psychological changes (personality change, irritability, anxiety, depression)
