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CMT > HIV + AIDS > Flashcards

HIV + AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Modes of transmission

A
  • sexual contact (75%)
  • parenteral exposure (transfusion/needle sharing)
  • perinatal exposure
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2
Q

HIV/AIDS

prominent systemic complaints

4

A
  • night sweats
  • diarrhea
  • unintentional wt loss
  • wasting
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3
Q

HIV/AIDS

why do opportunistic infections occur?

A

diminished cellular immunity

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4
Q

HIV/AIDS

Pathophys

A

CD4+ T lymphocytes are damaged which means the body cannot maintain cell-mediated immune function

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5
Q

HIV/AIDS

What CD4+ level says that infection has advanced to AIDS?

A

CD4+ count below 200 cells/mm3

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6
Q

HIV/AIDS

Types of HIV

2 types

A
  • HIV-1 (most common, fast disease progression)
  • HIV-2 (rare, Africa/Asia)
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7
Q

HIV/AIDS

age group w/ largest number of new diagnoses

A

25-34 y/os

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8
Q

HIV/AIDS

Risky sexual practices

A
  1. receptive anal intercourse
  2. multiple partners
  3. unprotected intercourse
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9
Q

HIV/AIDS

Risks of accidental needle sticks

4 factors

A
  • depth of penetration
  • hollow bore needles
  • visible blood on needle
  • advance stage of disease in source patient
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10
Q

HIV/AIDS

what to do after needle stick?

A

post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

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11
Q

HIV/AIDS

How is HIV transmitted mother to fetus?

A
  • crosses placenta
  • contact with blood during delivery
  • breast milk
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12
Q

HIV/AIDS

which body fluids are not infectious?

4

A
  • saliva
  • sweat
  • stool
  • tears
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13
Q

HIV/AIDS

what is acute HIV infection called?

A

Acute retroviral syndrome

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14
Q

HIV/AIDS

when does the acute HIV infection stage begin?

A

2-6 wks post-infection

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15
Q

HIV/AIDS

Identifying sx for actue phase

key sx to watch for- 5

A
  • night sweats
  • fatigue
  • unintentional wt loss
  • lymphadenopathy
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia
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16
Q

HIV/AIDS

describe oral hairy leukoplakia

2 characteristics, 1 viral cause

A
  • cannot be scraped off
  • caused by Epstein Barr
  • white plaques on lateral tongue
17
Q

HIV/AIDS

General sx pts can present with in acute phase

10

A
  • non-specific sx that seem to be self limited
  • fever/chills
  • myalgia/arthralgia
  • mucocutaneous ulceration
  • headaches
  • diarrhea
  • pharyngitis
  • rash/yeast infection
18
Q

HIV/AIDS

once the acute HIV infection period has resolved, it enters what?

A

the latency phase (asx), but damage continues to occur

19
Q

HIV/AIDS

what skin infections become more likely in HIV/AIDS pts?

A
  • zoster (could be present at normal CD4 counts)
  • HSV 1 and 2
  • HPV
  • Staph aureus skin infections
20
Q

HIV/AIDS

Defining lab results of AIDS

A
  • pos HIV serology
  • CD4 count < 200 cells/mcL
  • CD4 lymphocyte count below 14%
21
Q

HIV/AIDS

non-speicifc AIDS sx

10

A
  1. blurred vision
  2. dry cough/SOB
  3. fever/sweats
  4. unintentional wt loss (n/v/d)
  5. lymphadenopathy
  6. white spots on tongue
22
Q

HIV/AIDS

Defining AIDS Sx

10

A
  1. candidiasis of esophagus, bronchi, trachea, or lungs
  2. PJP
  3. kaposi sarcoma
  4. CNS lymphoma
  5. non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  6. toxoplasmosis of brain
  7. recurrent Salmonella septicemia
  8. CMV disease
  9. disseminated histoplasmosis
  10. recurrent bacterial pneumonias
23
Q

HIV/AIDS

describe kaposi sarcoma

A
  • oval, violaceous plaques
24
Q

HIV/AIDS

3 labs for acute HIV infection

A
  1. antibody/antigen combo
  2. antibody test
  3. RNA/DNA test
25
Q

HIV/AIDS

which is the recommended first test for suspected HIV infection?

A

joint antibody/antigen test

26
Q

HIV/AIDS

laboratory workup for new HIV pt

6 categories?

A
  1. CBC, CD4, viral load, CMP
  2. CMV IgG, toxoplasmosis IgG
  3. STI/Hepatitis screening
  4. TST/PPD
  5. Chest imaging
  6. Blood cultures
27
Q

HIV/AIDS

AIDS defining sx for children

6

A
  1. PJP
  2. recurrent bacterial infections
  3. wasting syndrome
  4. esophageal cadidiasis
  5. HIV encephalopathy
  6. CMV infection
28
Q

HIV/AIDS

which test is first line in children?

A

RNA/DNA test

29
Q

HIV/AIDS

prevention

4

A
  1. abstinence/safe sex
  2. latex condoms
  3. avoid needle sharing
  4. universal precautions
30
Q

HIV/AIDS

screening recs

4

A
  1. everyone 13-64 at least 1x
  2. all health care settings
  3. high risk (MSM/sex workers/IV drug users)
  4. pregnant women
31
Q

HIV/AIDS

what is ART? HAART?

A
  1. antiretroviral therapy
  2. highly active ART (combo drugs)
32
Q

HIV/AIDS

function of treatment for HIV?

A
  • suppress replication of HIV to restore immune function
  • no cure, but helps pts live longer, healthier lives
33
Q

HIV/AIDS

Drug classes (which 3= first line?)

6

A
  1. Integrase inhibitors
  2. Protease inhibitors
  3. NRTI
  4. NNRTI
  5. CCR4 antagonists
  6. Fusion inhibitors
34
Q

HIV/AIDS

when is PrEP recommended?

A
  • ongoing relationship w/ HIV+ partner
  • IV drug use
  • risky sexual behavior w/out protection
35
Q

HIV/AIDS

what meds are given for PrEP?

2

A
  1. tenofovir
  2. emtricitabine
36
Q

HIV/AIDS

when must PEP be given?

A

48-72 hrs after known epxosure
ideally within 2 hrs

37
Q

HIV/AIDS

who might be given PEP?

A
  • those with known exposure (needle sticks, unprotected sex)
  • sexual assault
38
Q

HIV/AIDS

what meds are given for PEP?

3

A
  1. tenofovir
  2. emtricitibine
  3. raltegravir/dolutegravir

CMT (78 decks)

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