HIV/AIDS prominent systemic complaints 4

night sweats diarrhea unintentional wt loss wasting

HIV + AIDS Flashcards by Mikaela Koller

Modes of transmission

sexual contact (75%)
parenteral exposure (transfusion/needle sharing)
perinatal exposure

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HIV/AIDS

prominent systemic complaints

night sweats
diarrhea
unintentional wt loss
wasting

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HIV/AIDS

why do opportunistic infections occur?

diminished cellular immunity

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HIV/AIDS

Pathophys

CD4+ T lymphocytes are damaged which means the body cannot maintain cell-mediated immune function

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HIV/AIDS

What CD4+ level says that infection has advanced to AIDS?

CD4+ count below 200 cells/mm3

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HIV/AIDS

Types of HIV

2 types

HIV-1 (most common, fast disease progression)
HIV-2 (rare, Africa/Asia)

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HIV/AIDS

age group w/ largest number of new diagnoses

25-34 y/os

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HIV/AIDS

Risky sexual practices

receptive anal intercourse
multiple partners
unprotected intercourse

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HIV/AIDS

Risks of accidental needle sticks

4 factors

depth of penetration
hollow bore needles
visible blood on needle
advance stage of disease in source patient

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HIV/AIDS

what to do after needle stick?

post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

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HIV/AIDS

How is HIV transmitted mother to fetus?

crosses placenta
contact with blood during delivery
breast milk

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HIV/AIDS

which body fluids are not infectious?

saliva
sweat
stool
tears

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HIV/AIDS

what is acute HIV infection called?

Acute retroviral syndrome

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HIV/AIDS

when does the acute HIV infection stage begin?

2-6 wks post-infection

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HIV/AIDS

Identifying sx for actue phase

key sx to watch for- 5

night sweats
fatigue
unintentional wt loss
lymphadenopathy
Oral hairy leukoplakia

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HIV/AIDS

describe oral hairy leukoplakia

2 characteristics, 1 viral cause

cannot be scraped off
caused by Epstein Barr
white plaques on lateral tongue

HIV/AIDS

General sx pts can present with in acute phase

non-specific sx that seem to be self limited
fever/chills
myalgia/arthralgia
mucocutaneous ulceration
headaches
diarrhea
pharyngitis
rash/yeast infection

HIV/AIDS

once the acute HIV infection period has resolved, it enters what?

the latency phase (asx), but damage continues to occur

HIV/AIDS

what skin infections become more likely in HIV/AIDS pts?

zoster (could be present at normal CD4 counts)
HSV 1 and 2
HPV
Staph aureus skin infections

HIV/AIDS

Defining lab results of AIDS

pos HIV serology
CD4 count < 200 cells/mcL
CD4 lymphocyte count below 14%

HIV/AIDS

non-speicifc AIDS sx

blurred vision
dry cough/SOB
fever/sweats
unintentional wt loss (n/v/d)
lymphadenopathy
white spots on tongue

HIV/AIDS

Defining AIDS Sx

candidiasis of esophagus, bronchi, trachea, or lungs
PJP
kaposi sarcoma
CNS lymphoma
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
toxoplasmosis of brain
recurrent Salmonella septicemia
CMV disease
disseminated histoplasmosis
recurrent bacterial pneumonias

HIV/AIDS

describe kaposi sarcoma

oval, violaceous plaques

HIV/AIDS

3 labs for acute HIV infection

antibody/antigen combo
antibody test
RNA/DNA test

# HIV/AIDS which is the recommended first test for suspected HIV infection?

joint antibody/antigen test

# HIV/AIDS laboratory workup for new HIV pt | 6 categories?

1. CBC, CD4, viral load, CMP 2. CMV IgG, toxoplasmosis IgG 3. STI/Hepatitis screening 4. TST/PPD 5. Chest imaging 6. Blood cultures

# HIV/AIDS AIDS defining sx for children | 6

1. PJP 2. recurrent bacterial infections 3. wasting syndrome 4. esophageal cadidiasis 5. HIV encephalopathy 6. CMV infection

# HIV/AIDS which test is first line in children?

RNA/DNA test

# HIV/AIDS prevention | 4

1. abstinence/safe sex 2. latex condoms 3. avoid needle sharing 4. universal precautions

# HIV/AIDS screening recs | 4

1. everyone 13-64 at least 1x 2. all health care settings 3. high risk (MSM/sex workers/IV drug users) 4. pregnant women

# HIV/AIDS what is ART? HAART?

1. antiretroviral therapy 2. highly active ART (combo drugs)

# HIV/AIDS function of treatment for HIV?

* suppress replication of HIV to restore immune function * no cure, but helps pts live longer, healthier lives

# HIV/AIDS Drug classes (which 3= first line?) | 6

1. **Integrase inhibitors** 2. **Protease inhibitors** 3. **NRTI** 4. NNRTI 5. CCR4 antagonists 6. Fusion inhibitors

# HIV/AIDS when is PrEP recommended?

* ongoing relationship w/ HIV+ partner * IV drug use * risky sexual behavior w/out protection

# HIV/AIDS what meds are given for PrEP? | 2

1. tenofovir 2. emtricitabine

# HIV/AIDS when must PEP be given?

48-72 hrs after known epxosure ideally within 2 hrs

# HIV/AIDS who might be given PEP?

* those with known exposure (needle sticks, unprotected sex) * sexual assault

# HIV/AIDS what meds are given for PEP? | 3

1. tenofovir 2. emtricitibine 3. raltegravir/dolutegravir