Cardiomyopathy Flashcards
3 types of cardiomyopathy
- dilated (most common)
- restrictive
- hypertrophic
describe dilated cardiomyopathy
- dilation of LV
- muscle is too stretched
how can dilated cardiomyopathy occur?
6
- ischemic
- chemo
- idiopathic
- viral
- familial
- tachy mediated
describe restrictive cardiomyopathy
- impaired diastolic filling
- muscle can’t move
how can restrictive cardiomyopathy occur?
3
- amyloid
- infiltrative disorders
- familial
describe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
thickening of muscle impairs LV filling/movement
how can hypertrophic cardiomyopathy commonly occur?
- Genetic (most common, autosomal dominant)
- medications (tacrolimus)
CHF
Describe what happens with Right HF?
4 things
- congestion of peripheral arteries
- GI tract congestion (anorexia, GI distress, wt. loss)
- Liver congestion (impaired liver function)
- edema & ascites
CHF
describe what happens with left HF?
4 things
- decreased CO (activity intolerance, reduced tissue perfusion)
- Pulmonary congestion
- Impaired gas exchange (cyanosis & hypoxia)
- Pulmonary Edema (frothy sputum, cough, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea)
CHF
what are the “fantastic 4” of meds for tx?
- BB: carvedilol or metoprolol
- RAAS (ARNI/ACE/ARB)
- MRA (spironolactone)
- SGLT-2
CHF
what education to provide?
- diet
- wt
- sx to watch for
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
what is typical EF for dilated CM?
< 40%
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
mortality rate over 5 years?
50%
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
signs & sx
5
- gradual development of HF sx
- progressive dyspnea on exertion
- impaired exercise ability
- orthopnea
- peripheral edema
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
PE findings
8
- rales
- cardiomegaly
- S3 audible
- peipheral edema
- elevated JVP
- sinus tachy
- +/- mitral/tricuspid regurgitation
- +/- arrhythmias
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dx
- Labs: BNP, CMP, CBC, TSH
- Echo
- Heart Cath (+/-)
- CXR (+/-)
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
what is seen on echo?
3
- dilated LV
- decreased EF
- ventricular hypokinesis