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CMT > Congenital Heart Disorders > Flashcards

Congenital Heart Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

which disorders are cyanotic?

A
  • Tetraology of Fallot
  • Hypoplastic LH syndrome
  • Transposition of the Great Vessels
  • Pulmomary Atresia
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2
Q

which disorders are acyanotic?

A
  • atrial septal defect
  • ventricular septal defect
  • patent ductus arteriosus
  • coarctation of the aorta
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3
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

what is it?

A

R side (deoxy blood) pumps out to body while L side (oxy blood) pumps back into lungs

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4
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

presentation

A
  • cyanosis/breathing probs
  • poor feeding
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5
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

PE findings

A
  • weak pulse
  • ashen/blue skin
  • systolic murmur
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6
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

tx

A
  • abort
  • arterial switch operation
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7
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

what is it?

A

L side of heart fails to develop

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8
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

sx

A
  • shock
  • cyanosis
  • variable murmur
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9
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

tx

A

3 stages of surgery
* Norwood (first 2wks of life)
* bi-directional glenn shunt (4-6 mo)
* Fontan (18 mo to 3 yrs)

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10
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

tx if not eligible for 3 surgical steps?

A

transplant

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11
Q

Pulmonary Atresia

describe

A

pulm valve did not form, no flow from RV to pulm artery

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12
Q

Pulmonary Atresia

presentation

A
  • cyanotic, blue
  • variable murmur
  • hyperdynamic apical impulse
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13
Q

Pulmonary Atresia

tx

A
  • rx to keep PDA open
  • usually stent PV or patch VSD
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14
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

describe

A
  • VSD
  • pulm stenosis
  • RVH
  • overriding aorta
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15
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

presentation

A
  • cyanosis
  • polycythemia
  • agitation
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16
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

describe the murmur

A

crescendo-decrescendo holosystolic LSB radiate to back

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17
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

PE findings

5

A
  1. clubbing
  2. tet spell (randomly passes out)
  3. squatting
  4. boot shaped heart
  5. nail clubbing
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18
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

dx & tx

A
  1. echo
  2. surgical repair
19
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

most common of all congenital heart defects

A

just a fun fact…

20
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

sx

A
  1. weakness
  2. fatigue
  3. poor feeding
  4. DOE
  5. failure to thrive
21
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

describe the murmur

A
  • loud, high pitched
  • harsh
  • holosystolic M LLSB
  • does not change w/ positioning
22
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

dx

A

echo

23
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

tx

A
  • surgery
  • wait until > 35 lbs
24
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

describe

A

fails to close after birth, so oxygenated blood flows from aorta into pulm arteries back to lungs

25
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

tx?

A

indomethacin

26
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

presentation

A
  • wt loss w/ poor feeding
  • pulmonary congestion
  • frequent pulmonary infections
27
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

murmur

A

continuous machinery murmur

28
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

describe

A

hole between L and R atriua

29
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

what is eisenmenger syndrome

A
  • R to L shunting (deoxygenated blood dilutes oxygenated blood
30
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

suspect this if pt has what?

A

cryptogenic stroke

31
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

presentation

A
  • frequent resp or lung infections
  • difficulty breathing
  • tiring when feeding
  • SOB w/ exertion
  • heart skips beats
  • edema
  • stroke
32
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

murmur description

A
  • systolic 2nd LICS
  • rumbling
  • RV heave
33
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

dx

A
  • echo (bubble study)
34
Q

Atrial Septal Defect

surgery options

A
  • closure device
  • open surgical repair
35
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

THIS IS AN EMERGENCY

A

just remember it…

36
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

describe

A

the descending proximal thoracic aorta is narrowed

37
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

presentation

5

A
  • pale skin
  • irritable
  • diaphoresis
  • difficulty breathing
  • HTN
38
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

describe murmur

A
  • LUSB continuous, radiates to back
39
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

what is pathognomonic for this?

A

difference between upper and lower extremity pulses/BP

40
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

dx

A
  • CXR: rib notching & 3 sign
  • Angiogram (gold standard)
41
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

tx

A

balloon angioplasty +/- stent
surgical repair

42
Q

Coarctation of Aorta

what do these pts usually also have?

A

bicuspid aortic valve

43
Q

tx of POTS (non medical)

A
  • SALT!
  • caution w/ position changes
  • compression hose
  • exercise
44
Q

medical tx of POTS

A
  • metoprolol
  • fludrocortisone
  • midodrine

CMT (78 decks)

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