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Congenital Heart Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

which disorders are cyanotic?

A
  • Tetraology of Fallot
  • Hypoplastic LH syndrome
  • Transposition of the Great Vessels
  • Pulmomary Atresia
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2
Q

which disorders are acyanotic?

A
  • atrial septal defect
  • ventricular septal defect
  • patent ductus arteriosus
  • coarctation of the aorta
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3
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

what is it?

A

R side (deoxy blood) pumps out to body while L side (oxy blood) pumps back into lungs

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4
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

presentation

A
  • cyanosis/breathing probs
  • poor feeding
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5
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

PE findings

A
  • weak pulse
  • ashen/blue skin
  • systolic murmur
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6
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

tx

A
  • abort
  • arterial switch operation
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7
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

what is it?

A

L side of heart fails to develop

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8
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

sx

A
  • shock
  • cyanosis
  • variable murmur
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9
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

tx

A

3 stages of surgery
* Norwood (first 2wks of life)
* bi-directional glenn shunt (4-6 mo)
* Fontan (18 mo to 3 yrs)

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10
Q

Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

tx if not eligible for 3 surgical steps?

A

transplant

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11
Q

Pulmonary Atresia

describe

A

pulm valve did not form, no flow from RV to pulm artery

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12
Q

Pulmonary Atresia

presentation

A
  • cyanotic, blue
  • variable murmur
  • hyperdynamic apical impulse
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13
Q

Pulmonary Atresia

tx

A
  • rx to keep PDA open
  • usually stent PV or patch VSD
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14
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

describe

A
  • VSD
  • pulm stenosis
  • RVH
  • overriding aorta
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15
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

presentation

A
  • cyanosis
  • polycythemia
  • agitation
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16
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

describe the murmur

A

crescendo-decrescendo holosystolic LSB radiate to back

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17
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

PE findings

5

A
  1. clubbing
  2. tet spell (randomly passes out)
  3. squatting
  4. boot shaped heart
  5. nail clubbing
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18
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

dx & tx

A
  1. echo
  2. surgical repair
19
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

most common of all congenital heart defects

A

just a fun fact…

20
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

sx

A
  1. weakness
  2. fatigue
  3. poor feeding
  4. DOE
  5. failure to thrive
21
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

describe the murmur

A
  • loud, high pitched
  • harsh
  • holosystolic M LLSB
  • does not change w/ positioning
22
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

dx

23
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

tx

A
  • surgery
  • wait until > 35 lbs
24
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

describe

A

fails to close after birth, so oxygenated blood flows from aorta into pulm arteries back to lungs

25
# Patent ductus arteriosus tx?
indomethacin
26
# Patent ductus arteriosus presentation
* wt loss w/ poor feeding * pulmonary congestion * frequent pulmonary infections
27
# Patent ductus arteriosus murmur
continuous machinery murmur
28
# Atrial Septal Defect describe
hole between L and R atriua
29
# Atrial Septal Defect what is eisenmenger syndrome
* R to L shunting (deoxygenated blood dilutes oxygenated blood
30
# Atrial Septal Defect suspect this if pt has what?
cryptogenic stroke
31
# Atrial Septal Defect presentation
* frequent resp or lung infections * difficulty breathing * tiring when feeding * SOB w/ exertion * heart skips beats * edema * stroke
32
# Atrial Septal Defect murmur description
* systolic 2nd LICS * rumbling * RV heave
33
# Atrial Septal Defect dx
* echo (bubble study)
34
# Atrial Septal Defect surgery options
* closure device * open surgical repair
35
# Coarctation of Aorta THIS IS AN EMERGENCY
just remember it...
36
# Coarctation of Aorta describe
the descending proximal thoracic aorta is narrowed
37
# Coarctation of Aorta presentation | 5
* pale skin * irritable * diaphoresis * difficulty breathing * HTN
38
# Coarctation of Aorta describe murmur
* LUSB continuous, radiates to back
39
# Coarctation of Aorta what is pathognomonic for this?
difference between upper and lower extremity pulses/BP
40
# Coarctation of Aorta dx
* CXR: rib notching & 3 sign * Angiogram (gold standard)
41
# Coarctation of Aorta tx
balloon angioplasty +/- stent surgical repair
42
# Coarctation of Aorta what do these pts usually also have?
bicuspid aortic valve
43
tx of POTS (non medical)
* SALT! * caution w/ position changes * compression hose * exercise
44
medical tx of POTS
* metoprolol * fludrocortisone * midodrine

CMT (78 decks)

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