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Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

All fungal cell walls have ____ and cell membranes have ______ except _____

A

Chitin
Ergosterol
Pneumocystis

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2
Q

Types of fungi with examples

A
  1. Yeast- Cryptococcus
  2. Yeast like- Candida, Malassezia
  3. Mold- Mucor, Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Absidia
  4. Dimorphic- In cold, culture (22-25C)- mold form
    In heat, HPE, KOH (37 C)- yeast form
    Eg- HSBC PPT
    Histoplasma
    Sporotrichosis
    Blastomyces
    Coccidiomyces
    Paracoccidiomyces
    Penicillium/Talaromyces
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3
Q

Culture media for fungi

A

Sabaraud dextrose agar

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4
Q

Culture microscopy is done with ____ stain

A

Lactophenol cotton blue stain

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5
Q

Investigation for Invasive aspergillosis

A

B Glucan test
Galactomannan test

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6
Q

Superficial mycosis example

A

Tinea versicolor
Tinea nigra
Piedra

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7
Q

Tinea versicolor
1. caused by
2. Clinical features
3. Characteristic wet mount appearance
4. Culture characteristics
5. Treatment

A
  1. Malassezia furfur
  2. Hypopigmented lesions
  3. On 10% KOH, spaghetti and meatball (bananas and grapes) app
  4. On SDA + olive oil- Fried egg colonies
  5. 10% sulfur ointment, 1-2% Imidazole cream
    Systemic- Fluconazole, Itraconazole
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8
Q

Tinea nigra
1. CF
2. Tx
3. Caused by

A
  1. Brown patches on palms and soles
  2. Topical imidazole
  3. Hortaea werneckii
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9
Q

Piedra
Causes and treatment

A

White- Trichosporon beigellii
Black- Trichosporon hortae

Tx; topical Imidazole after cut/ shave of hair

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10
Q

Dermatophytosis examples

A

Trichosporon
Microphyton
Epidermophyton

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11
Q

Shapes of Macroconidia

A

Trichophyton- Pencil
Microsporon- Spindle
Epidermophyton- Club shaped

Epidermophyton may or may not have microconidia

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12
Q

Treatment for dermatophytosis

A

Topical azoles- Itraconazole, Terbinafine
For T. capitis- Griseofulvin

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13
Q

Hair perforation test

A

Incubate hair + yeast + fungus for 2-3 weeks
Done for T. rubrum, T. mentagro
T. mentagro shows hair shaft erosion

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14
Q

Examples of subcutaneous mycosis

A
  1. Mycetoma
  2. Chromoblastomycosis
  3. Rhinosporidiosis
  4. Sporotrichosis
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15
Q

Mycetoma
1. Caused by
2. CF
3. Tx
4. Similar to?

A
  1. Madurella mycetomatis
  2. Multiple d/c sinuses
  3. Amputation
  4. Actinomycetoma (bacterial)
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16
Q

Actinomycetoma is caused by

A

Actinomadura madurae
Actinomadura pelletieri

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17
Q

Color of granules in actinomycetoma

A

Actinomadura madurae- yellow granules
Actinomadura pelletieri- red granules

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18
Q

Arrangement of conidia in sporotrichosis

A

Rosette of conidia

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19
Q

Inclusion body seen in sporotrichosis

A

Asteroid bodies with cigar bodies in centre

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20
Q

Chromoblastomycosis inclusion bodies

A

Copper penny bodies/ Medlar bodies/ Sclerotic bodies/ Muriform bodies

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21
Q

How does one acquire chromoblastomycosis?

A

walking barefoot–> traumatic implantation

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22
Q

Organisms implicated in chromoblastomycosis

A

Fousaceae pedrosi, F. compacta, Exophiala, Phialophora, Caldophia lophora

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23
Q

Treatment of Chromoblastomycosis

A

WLE
Amphotericin B
5-Fluorocytosine
Voriconazole

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24
Q

Draining sinuses seen in

A
  1. Eumycetoma- black granules
  2. Actinomyces- yellow granules
  3. Botryomycosis- S. aureus
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25
Q

Intracellular vs extracellular asteroid body

A

Intracellular asteroid body seen in Sarcoidosis inside giant cells
Extracellular asteroid body in Sporothrix

26
Q
  1. Darling disease
  2. Chicago disease
  3. Valley fever
  4. Missisippi disease
  5. Desert rheumatism
  6. South American blastomycosis
  7. Ohio disease
  8. California disease
  9. Gilchrist d/s
  10. Cave disease
  11. Reticuloendotheliosis
A
  1. Histoplasmosis
  2. Blastomycosis
  3. Coccidiomycosis
  4. Histoplasmosis
  5. Coccidiomycosis
  6. Paracoccidiomycosis
  7. Histoplasmosis
  8. Coccidiomycosis
  9. Blastomycosis
  10. Histoplasmosis
  11. Histoplasmosis
27
Q

Histoplasmosis
1. Reservoir
2. Symptoms resembles
3. Is there any person to person transmission?
4. Organism resides in?
5. Macroconidia shape

A
  1. Bats/ Bird shit
  2. TB
  3. No
  4. Macrophages in yeast form
  5. Tuberculate
28
Q

Blastomycosis
1. Appearance of organism

A
  1. Broad based budding, figure of 8 app
29
Q

Coccidiomycosis CF

A

Joint involvement

30
Q

Appearance of paracoccidiomycosis

A

Mickey mouse/ pilot wheel/ Mariner wheel

31
Q

Barrel shaped arthrospores seen in

A

Coccidiomycosis
Microscopy: Splenules with endospores

32
Q

Broom brush appearance on LPCB

A

Penicillium/ Talaromyces

33
Q

Reservoir of Penicillium

A

Bamboo rats

34
Q

On SDA, Penicillium app

A

Red pigment

35
Q

Treatment of Dimorphic fungi

A

Mild: Fluconazole/ Itraconazole
Disseminated: Amphotericin B f/b Itraconazole

36
Q

Types of Cryptococcus

A
  1. Cryptococcus gattii
  2. C. neoformans
37
Q

Cryptococcus gattii vs neoformans

A

Gattii- in Immunocompetent and deficient people, around Eucalyptus tree, in subtropical/ tropical areas
Requires prolonged treatment

Neoformans- in immunodeficient, all around world, in pigeon droppings. Good response to antifungals

38
Q

Culture media used for cryptococcus

A

Bird seed agar/ niger seed agar

39
Q

Most sensitive/ confirmatory test for Cryptococcus

A

Latex agglutination test

40
Q

Treatment for cryptococcus

A

Liposomal Amphotericin B with Flucytosine

41
Q

Branching pattern of Aspergillus vs mucor

A

Aspergillus:
Septate, at a/c angles, dichotomous branching
Mucor: Aseptate, rt angle branching, broad based

42
Q

Lid lifters of culture plate

43
Q

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is what kind of Hypersensitivity?

44
Q

Types of Aspergillus

A

A. fumigatus
A. niger
A. flavus

45
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

A
  1. Smoky green culture
  2. Conidia only in upper part of vesicle
  3. Produces aflatoxin- contaminates peanut– mutation of p53 at codon 249 and causes HCC
46
Q

Aspergillus flavus

A
  1. Yellow green culture
  2. Conidia all around
47
Q

Aspergillus niger

A
  1. Black culture and conidia
48
Q

Treatment of Aspergillus

A

Surgery
Voriconazole

49
Q

Mucor present as ___ fungus with ____ branches

A

black
ribbon like

50
Q

Reynauld Braude phenomenon

A

Germ tube test

51
Q

Treatment of Mucor

A

Surgery, Amphotericin B

52
Q

Corn meal agar of Candida shows

A

Chlamydiospores with double wall

53
Q

On SDA, Candida shows

A

Creamy, pasty, yeasty culture

54
Q

Candida on Chrome agar

A

To differentiate different species

55
Q

PAP smear appearance of Candida

A

Sheesh Kabab appearance

56
Q

Differentiating feature between Candida albicans vs dubliniensis

A

Growth above 45 C and hypertonic saline is possible for albicans

57
Q

Treatment for Candida

A

Thrush, vulvovaginal candidiasis: topical Nystatin
Severe: Fluconazole, nystatin
Deep candidiasis: Lipophillic Ampho B, Azoles

58
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii/ carinii
1. forms present
2. A/w
3. Characteristics of pneumonia
4. Treatment

A
  1. Cysts, trophozoites
  2. HIV
  3. B/L ground glass opacities and cysts
  4. TMP-SMX, Cotrimoxazole
    Severe: Pentamidine
    Prophylaxis: TMP-SMX
59
Q

BAL aspirate staining of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

A

Gomori methamine silver stain used
Shows sickle shaped/ crushed ping pong ball appearance
Plasma cells also + so it is called plasma cell pneumonia

60
Q

TMP-SMX is used in

A

Nocardia
Pneumocystis

61
Q

Galactomannan test and Beta Glucan test is negative for

A

Mucorales (Mucor)

62
Q

Beta Glucan test is done for most fungus but negative for

A

‘BMC’
Blastomyces
Mucor
Cryptococcus

Microbiology (19 decks)

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