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Microbiology > Bacteriology- Staph, Strept > Flashcards

Bacteriology- Staph, Strept Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of staph aureus

A

Coagulase +
Catalase +
Produces Beta lactamases

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2
Q

Main habitat of S aureus

A

Nose, skin

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3
Q

All cocci are gram ____ except _____ which are gram ____

A

positive
Velonella, Neisseria, Moraxella
Negative

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4
Q

All bacilli are gram ____ except _____ which are gram ____

A

negative
Mycobacteria, Anthracis, Clostridium, Diphtheria, Nocardia, Actinomyces, Listeria, Diphtheroids
positive

‘MAC DoNALD’

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5
Q

Micrococcus are arranged in

A

tetrads

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6
Q

Glucose utilization in micrococcus vs staphylococcus

A

In micrococcus– oxidative (micrO– Oxidative)
In staPHylococcus– Fermentative

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7
Q

Oxidase status in micrococcus vs staphylococcus

A

Staph- oxidase -ve
Micro- oxidase +ve

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7
Q

Catalase status of staph vs micro

A

both are catalase positive

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8
Q

Virulence factors for staph aureus

A
  1. Protein A
  2. Enzymes
  3. Toxins
  4. Cytolysins
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9
Q

Functions of protein A

A

Antiphagocytic
Anticomplementary
Coagglutination

Binds with Fc portion of Ig

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10
Q

Enzymes of S aureus

A

Catalase
Coagulase
Thermonuclease
DNAase
Phosphatase

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11
Q

Toxins of S aureus

A

Exotoxins which include–
-Enterotoxin
-TSST
-Exfoliative toxin
All of them act as super antigens

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12
Q

Which hemolysin is asso with hot cold phenomenon?

A

Beta hemolysin (aka sphingomyelinase)

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13
Q

PV toxin is a/w _____ and is a part of _____ toxin

A

MRSA
Synergohymenotropic (Gamma hemolysin + PV toxin)

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14
Q

Epidermolytic toxin causes _____ and its form in children ____. It also causes ____

A

SSSS
Ritter’s syndrome
TEN

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15
Q

Gram positive bacilli, spore forming aerobe

A

Bacillus sp.

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16
Q

Gram positive bacilli, spore forming anaerobe

A

Clostridium sp

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17
Q

Gram positive bacilli, non spore forming aerobe

A

Mycobacterium
Cornyebacterium
Listeria
Nocardia

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18
Q

Gram positive bacilli, non spore forming, anaerobe

A

Actinomyces

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19
Q

Gram positive cocci, catalase +

A

Staph

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20
Q

Gram positive cocci, catalase -ve

A

Strept

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21
Q

Staph aureus coagulase status

A

coagulase +

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22
Q

Staphylococcal Scalded skin syndrome includes what manifestations

A

TEN
Ritter’s syndrome in children
Bullous impetigo

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23
Q

Characteristic feature of TSS caused by TSST

A

Sun burn rash

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24
Q

Enterotoxin mediated food poisoning caused by S aureus has ____ incubation period

A

1-6 hrs
vomiting, diarrhoea

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25
Q

What are the cytolysins of Staphylococcus sp.

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma hemolysins
Panton Valentine Leukocidins

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26
Q

Selective medium for Staph Aureus

A

Mannitol Salt Agar– Golden yellow colonies
Ludlam medium– Black colonies

27
Q

IOC for S. aureus

A

Culture
ELISA/ PCR

28
Q

TOC for
1. Penicillin resistant S. aureus
2. MRSA
3. VRSA
4. LRSA

A
  1. Methicillin
  2. Vancomycin
  3. Linezolid
  4. Daptomycin
29
Q

Gene that confers MRSA and VRSA its resistance

A

MRSA- mec A gene
VRSA- Van A gene

30
Q

Treatment for TSS
Food poisoning d/t S aureus

A

TSS- CLindamycin
Food poison– No antibiotics

31
Q

Coagulase negative Staph classified acc to

A

Novobiocin sensitivity

32
Q

CONS which is novobiocin sensitive

A

S. epidermidis

33
Q

CONS which is novobiocin resistant

A

S. saprophyticus

34
Q

S. epidermidis characteristics

A

Biofilms
Skin commensal
Prosthetic Valve Infective Endocarditis in < 12 mths

35
Q

S. saprophyticus characteristics

A

Causes UTI, Honeymoon cystitis in young women

36
Q

Streptococcus is classified acc to

A

Brown classification- Hemolysis in blood agar
alpha, beta, gamma

37
Q

Alpha hemolytic strept examples

A

S. pneumoniae
S. viridans

38
Q

Beta hemolytic strept is further classified acc to

A

Lancefield grouping (acc to carbohydrate in cell wall)
A to W except I and J

39
Q

Gamma hemolysis example

A

Enterococci

40
Q

Virulent factors of S. pneumoniae

A

Main- Polysaccharide capsule
IgA protease
Pneumolysin

41
Q

Characteristics of polysaccharide capsule of S. pneumoniae

A

Anti phagocytic
Virulent
forms Mucoid colonies
Has > 95 serotypes

42
Q

Diseases caused by pneumococcus

A

POEMS
Pneumonia
Otitis media
Epiglottitis
Meningitis
Sinusitis

43
Q

Lab diagnosis of pneumococcus

A

Quellung reaction to demonstrate capsule
Carrom coin/ Draughtman colonies in Blood agar, Chocolate agar
ELISA/ PCR
Bile soluble
Optochin sensitive

44
Q

Treatment for Pneumococcus

A

Ceftriaxone
Gentamicin

45
Q

Vaccines against pneumococcus

A

MI indication: Splenectomy pts
PCV-13
PPSV 23

46
Q

S. viridans characteristics

A

commensal in oral cavity
produces biofilms
causes prosthetic valve endocarditis in > 12 mths
a type of viridans– S. mutans causes dental caries

47
Q

Group A Beta hemolytic strept is aka

A

S. pyogenes

48
Q

S. pyogenes capsule

A

Hyaluronic acid capsule

49
Q

Exotoxin produced by S. pyogenes

A

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (super Ag)

50
Q

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin causes

A

Scarlet fever

51
Q

Enzymes produced by Strep. pyogenes

A

Hyaluronidase– spreading factor
Streptokinase, Streptodornase– thrombolytic– used in Tx for MI, DVT

52
Q

Virulence factors of pyogenes

A

Enzymes
Exotoxins
M proteins
Streptolysin O

53
Q

Streptolysin O

A

Immunogenic
If ASO > 200 todd units, means recent exposure

54
Q

M protein

A

Major virulence factors
Griffith typing– > 150 types

55
Q

Suppurative lesions caused by S. pyogenes

A

Throat- Sore throat, pustular tonsilitis

Skin- NICE
Necrotizing fascitis
Impetigo
Cellulitis
Erysipelas

56
Q

Beta hemolytic strept

A

S. pyogenes
S. agalactiae

57
Q

Acute rheumatic fever occurs after ___ infection

A

sore throat d/t s. pyogenes

58
Q

PSGN occurs after ___ infection

A

Skin infection> sore throat d/t s. pyogenes

59
Q

Which HS reaction is ARF and PSGN?

A

ARF- type II HSR
PSGN- type III HSR

60
Q

Lab diagnosis of S. pyogenes

A

Culture in PNF medium (Polymyxin, Neomycin, Fucidic acid medium)
Bacitracin sensitivity test
PYR test

61
Q

S. agalactiae

A

GBS
Commensal in female genital tract
Causes neonatal– meningitis, sepsis, arthritis

62
Q

Lab diagnosis of GBS

A

Hippurate hydrolysis +
CAMP test + (CAMP factor increases beta hemolytic activity)

63
Q

All streptococcus treatment (except pneumococcus), CONS treatment

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins

64
Q

Enterococcus grows in

A

42 C
6.5% salt
9.6 pH
40% bile
Bile esculin hydrolysis +

65
Q

Tx for Enterococcus

A

Vancomycin
If resistant, forms VRE–> tx: Linezolid, Daptomycin

Microbiology (19 decks)

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