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Microbiology > General properties of Virus > Flashcards

General properties of Virus Flashcards

1
Q

Parts of the virus

A

Nucleocapsid- Nucleic acid + capsid (protein coat covering it)
Tegument- proteinaceous structure between capsid and envelope
Envelope- Lipid containing membrane surrounding virus
Peplomers- virus encoded glycoproteins on outer surface as projections

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2
Q

Father of virology

A

Martinus beijerinck
Proposed contagium vivum fluidum (living infectious fluid) when studying mosaic disease in Tobacco mosaic plant

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3
Q
  1. Largest DNA virus
  2. Largest RNA virus
  3. Smallest DNA virus
  4. Smallest RNA virus
A
  1. Pox virus
  2. Filovirus
  3. Parvovirus
  4. Picornavirus
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4
Q

All DNA viruses are double stranded except

A

Parvovirus
(single stranded DNA)

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5
Q

All RNA viruses are single stranded except

A

Reovirus- dsRNA virus
Retrovirus- 2 copies of ssRNA

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6
Q

Enveloped virus characteristics

A

Bile sensitive
Heat labile
Ether sensitive
Pleomorphic

Non enveloped is opp of this

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7
Q

Lipid of enveloped virus is ____ origin and protein is _____ coded

A

Host cell origin
virus coded

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8
Q

Non enveloped DNA viruses

A

Adenovirus
Parvovirus

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9
Q

Non enveloped RNA viruses

A

‘PARCH-a-eee’
Picornavirus
Astrovirus
Reovirus
Calcivirus
Hep A and E

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10
Q

Enveloped DNA viruses

A

‘HHP’
Herpes
Hep B
Poxvirus

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11
Q

Enveloped RNA virus

A

‘Hey Ruby, check Dengue’s Japanese Kite Zooming’

Hep C
Rubella
Chikungunya
Dengue
Japanese Enceph virus
Kyasanur forest disease virus
Zika virus

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12
Q

What is solvent/ detergent plasma?

A

aka SD plasma
made from plasma collected from may people and then processed with solvents in an attempt to remove viruses

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13
Q

What is segmented genome?

A

A genome divided into multiple pieces with intact genes so these can be exchanged between related viruses

This recombination is called Reassortment. It forms unique chimeric genome which results in evolved virus with increased fitness

It can be responsible for antigenic shifts

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14
Q

Examples of segmented viruses

A

‘ARBO’
Arenavirus- 2 segments
Rotavirus- 11 segments
Bunyavirus- 3 segments
Orthomyxovirus- 8 segments

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15
Q

Molluscum contagiosum is a part of ____ family

A

Poxviridae

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16
Q

All DNA viruses have replication process in ____ except ______ (which is in cytoplasm)

A

Nucleus except Poxvirus (which is in cytoplasm)

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17
Q

All RNA viruses have replication in _______ except ________ which is in nucleus

A

Cytoplasm
Orthomyxovirus, Retrovirus

18
Q

What is a negative stranded RNA

A

ssRNA with 3’-5’ RNA is a negative strand RNA

19
Q

What does negative strand RNA use to replicate?

A

RNA replicase/ RNA dependent RNA polymerase

20
Q

Examples of negative stranded RNA viruses

A

‘Always Bring Da Polymerase OR Fail to Replicate’
Arenavirus
Bunyavirus
Deltavirus
Paramyxovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Filovirus
Rhabdovirus

21
Q

Ebola virus is spread by

A

Direct contact with infected body fluids

22
Q

Ebola virus

A

Filamentous virus
single stranded RNA

23
Q

Shape of
1. Adenovirus
2. Tobacco mosaic virus
3. Poxvirus

A
  1. Space ship
  2. Rod shaped
  3. Brick shaped
24
Q

COVID 19 symmetry

A

Enveloped helical symmetry

25
Q

Naked icosahedral viruses example

A

Adenovirus
Poliovirus
Hep A

26
Q

Enveloped helical viruses examples

A

Coronavirus
Influenza
Parainfluenza
Rabies
Mumps
Measles

27
Q

Complex structure of virus seen in

A

Pox virus

28
Q

Study of viral symmetry by electron microscopy requires use of ____ stains for example ____.

A

Heavy metal stains
Eg. Potassium phosphotungstate

It is a form of negative staining

29
Q

Most efficient symmetry

A

Icosahedral

30
Q

Icosahedron has ___ faces and __ vertices

A

20
12

31
Q

Why is it not possible for empty helical particles to form?

A

Periodic interactions are required between capsid protein and nucleic acid for stable helical symmetry

32
Q

Enveloped icosahedral symmetry shown by

A

Herpes
Yellow fever virus
Rubella virus

33
Q

Allantoic cavity inoculation is done for growth and replication of ___ virus

A

Influenza, Mumps

Amniotic cavity also used but its difficult to access

34
Q

Yolk sac inoculation of virus for growth and replication is done for

A

Herpes simplex virus
It can also be grown in Chorioallantoic membrane

35
Q

Chorioallantoic membrane inoculation is done for ____ virus growth

A

HSV, Poxvirus

36
Q

Suckling mice inoculation is done for growth of ___ viru

A

Coxsackie
Arbovirus

37
Q

Types of tissue lines with examples

A

Primary cell lines:
1. Rhesus kidney cell line,
2. Human amniotic cell line,
3. chick embryo fibroblast

Secondary cell lines:
1. Human fibroblast cell line
2. MRC-5
3. WI-38

Continuous cell lines:
1. HeLa cell lines
2. HEp-2
3. Vero
4. KB

38
Q

Methods of assay of infectivity of viruses

A

Physical
Biological

39
Q

Physical methods of assay of infectivity of viruses

A

They can estimate total viral count
They cannot differentiate between infectious and non infectious viral particles

Examples; RT-PCR, Electron microscopy, Antigen detection assay

40
Q

Biological methods for assay of infectivity of viruses

A

They can estimate total viral count and can detect infectious virus
Eg: Qualitative- endpoint biological assay
Quantitative- plaque and pock assay

41
Q

Cytopathic effects caused by viruses means

A

Morphological changes in cells that are caused by viruses is called cytopathic effects.
These viruses are called Cytopathogenic viruses. They can be detected by light microscope

42
Q

Examples of cytopathogenic viruses

A

Rapid crenation and degeneration of cells by Enterovirus
Synctitium/ Multinucleated giant cell formation by Measles, Mumps, RSV
Discrete focal degeneration by HSV
Large granular clumps resembling grapes by Adenovirus
Vacuolation of cytoplasm by Simian virus 40

Microbiology (19 decks)

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