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Microbiology > DNA viruses > Flashcards

DNA viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of DNA virus Herpesviridae

A

HHV 1- HSV1
HHV 2- HSV 2
HHV 3- HZV- Chickenpox, Shingles
HHV 4- Epstein Barr virus
HHV 5- Cytomegalovirus (largest member)
HHV 6
HHV 7
HHV 8

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2
Q

Where do HSV-1 and HSV-2 establish latency?

A

HSV-1 → Trigeminal ganglion
HSV-2 → Sacral ganglion

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3
Q

How is HSV transmitted?

A

HSV-1: Saliva, respiratory secretions
HSV-2: Sexual contact, perinatal transmission

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4
Q

Neonatal herpes is caused by

A

HSV 2

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5
Q

Neurovirulence in HSV is caused more by

A

HSV 2

MC CNS infection by HSV 1

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6
Q

MC primary HSV 1 lesion
MC recurrent HSV 1 lesion

A
  1. Gingivostomatitis
  2. Herpes labialis
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7
Q

Mollaret’s meningitis

A

Recurrent Lymphocytic meningitis.
Caused by HSV 2

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8
Q

Tzanck smear
1. For which organism?
2. What is the cytopathic effect seen?
3. ___ bodies are seen

A
  1. HSV
  2. Margination, moulding, multinucleated
  3. Lipshultz bodies
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9
Q

Tx for HSV

A

Acyclovir
If Resistance: Foscarnet

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10
Q

Painless ulcers are seen with

A

Syphillis
LGV (painful buboes)
Klebsiella granulomatosis

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11
Q

IP of VZV

A

2-3 weeks

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12
Q

Rash distribution of VZV

A

B/L diffuse centrifugal distribution- starts on trunk, moves outward

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13
Q

MC complication of VZV infection
MC extracutaneous complication
Most serious complication

A
  1. Secondary bacterial infection
  2. CNS infection- benign cerebellar ataxia
  3. Varicella pneumonia (esp in pregnancy)
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14
Q

Fetal congenital varicella syndrome

A

Within 20 wks IUL
Features:
Microcephaly
Cortical atrophy
Cicatricial skin lesion
Limb hypoplasia

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15
Q

Rash distribution for HZV

A

U/L
Segmental because of dermatomal distribution (MC D3 to L2)

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16
Q

MC complication of HZV

A

Post herpetic neuralgia

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17
Q

Ramsay Hunt syndrome involves?
What are the clinical features?

A

Geniculate ganglion of CN VII
Vesicles at EAM, Otalgia
Loss of taste at ant 2/3 of tongue

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18
Q

Epstein Barr Virus causes ______ cell activation. It enters cell through _____. It has the following molecules:

A

Polyclonal B cell
CD21/ Cr2
LMP 1 (acts on CD40 pathway)
EBNA2 (activates SRC proto-oncogenes)
vIL10

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19
Q

Clinical features of Infectious mononucleosis

A

Caused by EBV
IP: 4-8 weeks
Called Kissing disease/ Glandular fever
Splenomegaly, hepatitis
Encephalitis, LN
Sore throat, fever, arthralgia, lethargy

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20
Q

Malignancy associated with EBV

A

MC- Gastric Ca
Nasopharyngeal Ca
Leiomyosarcoma
Lymphoma-
Hodgkins (Mixed cellularity type)
Non Hodgkins (Burkitt’s, DLBCL, Post transplant lymphoma, T/NK cell lymphoma)

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21
Q

Other conditions associated with EBV

A

Duncan syndrome- lymphoproliferative d/s
Hairy cell leukoplakia/ Oral cell leukoplakia
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

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22
Q

Microscopic feature of EBV

A

Atypical lymphocytes- Downey cells- composed of CD8 T cells. AKA Ballerina skirt appearance

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23
Q

Diagnosis of EBV

A

Heterophile Antibody test- Paul Bunnell test (old), Monospot test (new)
Specific antibody test- Ab to viral capsid antigen, to early antigen, to EBNA

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24
Q

Treatment to EBV

A

Acyclovir (for Oral hairy leukoplakia)
Rituximab

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25
Q

Reservoir of CMV

A

Man is the only reservoir

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26
Q

Transmission of CMV

A

Oral, respiratory, body secretions.
Transplacental
sexual

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27
Q

CMV multiplies in

A

Salivary gland
Resp tract
Kidney

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28
Q

CMV is latent in

A

Monocyte

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29
Q

MC IU infection asso with congenital defects

A

CMV infection

30
Q

Symptoms of CMV infection

A

MC symptoms:
HSM
Purpuric rashes (Blueberry muffin baby)
Jaundice

Other: Microcephaly, Chorioretinitis, Deafness, Periventricular calcification

31
Q

CMV manifestation in
1. Perinatal period
2. Immunocompromised
3. Immunocompetent

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. CMV chorioretinitis
  3. Glandular fever like disease- fever, sore throat, no LN, no antibodies, no spleen
32
Q

MC opportunistic viral infection in HIV/ transplantation patients

A

CMV chorioretinitis

33
Q

Lab diagnosis of CMV

A
  1. Inclusion bodies- Owl eye app; intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions
  2. Antigen: Pp65
  3. Virus isolation: Human Fibroblast cell line; specimen: urine washing
  4. Antibody detection by ELISA
  5. PCR
34
Q

Treatment for CMV

A

DOC: Ganciclovir. If resistant- Foscarnet

35
Q

HHV 6 causes

A

Sixth disease/ roseola infantum/ exanthem subitum

36
Q

HHV 6 binds to T cells via

A

CD 46 receptor

37
Q

variants of HHV 6

A

6A, 6B

38
Q

Features of HHV 6 infection in children vs adults

A

Child: fever, rash after fever, non pruritic, Nagayama spots
Adults: Mononucleosis like illness

39
Q

HHV 8 causes

A
  1. Kaposi sarcoma
  2. Primary effusion lymphoma
  3. Castleman’s d/s
40
Q

Kaposi sarcoma Mc asso with ____. MC site is ____ and 2nd MC site is _____

A

HIV
Lower limb skin
LN

41
Q

Primary effusion lymphoma

A

Pt has lots of effusions- pleural effusion, pericardial effusion
CD30 and CD38 +

42
Q

Castleman d/s

A

In LN
Onion skinning of lymphocytes
Lollipop follicles
Fever, night sweats, wt loss

43
Q

Smallest virus

A

Parvovirus

44
Q

Only DNA virus to have single strand

A

Parvovirus

45
Q

Spread of Parvovirus

A

Respiratory route
Blood transfusion
Transplacental

46
Q

MOA of Parvovirus

A

Attacks P antigen of RBC

47
Q

PArvovirus causes

A

Erythema infectiosum/ Slapped cheek appearance/ 5th disease

48
Q

Symptoms of erythema infectiosum

A

Glove and socks syndrome
Arthritis, Arthralgia

49
Q

Other conditions caused by Parvovirus B19

A

Aplastic crisis in Hemolytic anemia (vs hemolytic crisis in EBV infection)
Pure red cell aplasia a/w thymoma
Hydrops fetalis

50
Q

Polyoma viruses include

A

Merkel cell virus
BK virus
SV 40 virus
JC virus

51
Q

Merkel cell virus causes

A

Merkel cell ca which is a neuroendocrine tumor of the skin

52
Q

SV 40 virus is a/w

A

Mesothelioma

53
Q

JC virus causes

A

Progressive Multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PMLE)
JC virus attacks oligodendrocytes

54
Q

BK virus causes

A

infection in post kidney transplant patients
Urine will have Decoy cells (which mimic malignancy)

55
Q

HPV cutaneous involvement

A

HPV 1, 2, 3 (low risk)- shows skin warts
HPV 5,8 (high risk)- treeman syndrome/ Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (a/w ch 17 defect)

56
Q

HPV mucosal involvement

A

HPV 6, 11- mucosal warts, condyloma acuminatum
HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35 (high risk). causes SCC of penile, anal, oral, cervical, esophageal.

57
Q

_____ protein of HPV is used to make vaccine

A

L1 capsid

58
Q

___ protein is the controller of HPV
___ protein is responsible for Koilocytosis
_____ protein is responsible for carcinogenesis

A

E1

E4, E5

E6, E7

59
Q

___ protein inactivates p53 in HPV
___ protein inactivates RB gene in HPV

A

E6
E7

60
Q

Diseases caused by Adenovirus

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis
Infant diarrhoea
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis/ Shipyard eye
Pharyngoconjunctival fever/ swimming pool conjunctivitis
URTI, Pneumonia
In transplant recipients

61
Q

Which hepatitis virus is a DNA virus?

A

HEP B
Rest are RNA viruses

62
Q

Families of Hepatitis viruses

A

‘Private Hospitals Favor Rich Clients’
Hep A- Picornaviridae
Hep B- Hepadnaviridae
Hep C- Flaviviridae
Hep D- Relies on HBV
Hep E- Calicivirus (now Hepeviridae)

63
Q

Which Hep viruses spread via Feco oral route?

A

HAV, HEV

64
Q

Which Hep virus spreads via parenteral route?

A

Hep B, Hep C

65
Q

Which Hep virus spreads via sexual route?

A

Hep B

66
Q

Mother to Child transmission is seen in which hep virus?

A

HBA

67
Q

Which Hep viruses are enveloped?

A

B, C, D

68
Q

Which Hep virus is cultivable?

A

Hep A

69
Q

Which Hep virus doesn’t have vaccines against them?

A

C
Bc it follows quasispecies- mutates when a vaccine is made for a variant

70
Q

MCC of Fulminant hepatitis

A

Hep D

71
Q

Chronicity is seen in which Hep virus?

A

B and C

72
Q

Carrier state is seen in which Hep virus?

A

B

Microbiology (12 decks)

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