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Microbiology > Bacteriology- Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Bacteriology- Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

Which organism is called pfeiffer bacillus?

A

H. influenzae

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2
Q

Virulence factor of H. influenzae

A

Outer membrane protein
pili
Lipooligosaccharides
Capsular polysaccharides (only Hib)

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3
Q

Treatment for H. influenzae

A

Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone

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4
Q

Satellitism

A

Shown by H influenzae
Requires factor V and X
In the center- S. aureus
S aureus causes hemolysis– release of factors- H influenza growns

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5
Q

Culture media for H. ducreyi

A

Chocolate agar supplemented with isovitalex, fetal calf serum

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6
Q

Treatment for H. ducreyi

A

Azithromycin

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7
Q

Factor V and X requirement by different Hemophilus species

A

H. influenzae, H. aegypticus, H. hemolyticus requires both
H. ducreyi requires X only
H. parahemolyticus requires V only

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8
Q

Whooping cough is aka

A

100 day cough

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9
Q

Stages of whooping cough

A

Catarrhal- dry cough, fever, maximum infectivity
Paroxysmal- whoop cough
Convalescent- recovery stage

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10
Q

Pertussis toxin MOA

A

Increased cAMP

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11
Q

Treatment of whooping cough

A

Azithromycin
Erythromycin

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12
Q

Prevention of whooping cough

A

Acellular vaccine
Has FHA, AGG, PT, PERT

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13
Q

Culture media used for Bordatella
What is its appearance?

A

Bordet gengou medium
Bisected pearls/ mercury drops appearance
Aluminium paint appearance on confluence

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14
Q

Appearance of Bordatella on microscopy

A

Thumb print appearance

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15
Q

Brucella catalase, oxidase, urease status

A

All are positive

‘COU positive’

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16
Q

Triad of Brucella

A

Night sweats
Arthritis
HSM

Platelets may be decreased

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17
Q

Diagnosis of Brucella in animals

A

Milk ring test- purple color ring +

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18
Q

Diagnosis of Brucella in humans

A

Standard agglutination test
Detects IgM and IgG antibodies
IgM antibodies are destroyed using 2-Mercaptoethanol

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19
Q

Treatment of Brucella

A

Doxycycline x 45 days + Streptomycin IM daily x 14 days

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20
Q

Difference in structure between Treponema, Borrelia, Leptospira

A

Treponema- Tight coils
Borrelia- Loose spirals
Leptospira- hooked ends

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21
Q

Primary syphillis features

A

Painless ulcer, hard chancre, painless LN

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22
Q

Secondary syphillis features

A

condylomata lata
rash

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23
Q

Tertiary syphillis features

A

Gumma (granuloma)
Tree bark aorta, AR
Paresis

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24
Q

Microscopy of T. pallidum

A

Dark field microscope
Silver impregnation- Levaditi, Fontana stain

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25
Q

Non specific diagnostic vs specific tests for syphillis

A

Non specific-
Wasserman test, Kahn test, VDRL, RPR
Specific-
FTA-ABS, TPPA, TPHA, TPI

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26
Q

VDRL vs RPR

A

VDRL requires a serum (which needs preheating),
It requires cardiolipin ag (should be used within 24 hrs)
It is a slide agglutination test

RPR is a card test. None of these are required

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27
Q

What is cardiolipin ag?

A

It is a purified lipid extract of beef heart + lecithin + cholesterol

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28
Q

Which test is more sensitive in primary syphilis?

A

RPR is more sensitive than VDRL in early infection.

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29
Q

Which test is used for neurosyphilis?

A

VDRL is preferred for CSF analysis (RPR is not validated for CSF).

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30
Q

Most sensitive specific/ confirmatory test for syphillis?

A

FTA-ABS

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31
Q

Most specific among the specific tests for syphillis

A

TPI > TPPA

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32
Q

Treatment for syphillis

A

Benzathine penicillin

33
Q

Borrelia can cause what diseases?

A

Epidemic louse borne relapsing fever- by B. recurrentis
Endemic tick born relapsing fever by B. duttoni

34
Q

Treatment of Borrelia

A

Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol
Collect blood sample during fever

35
Q

Borrelia vincentii causes

A

Vincent’s angina

36
Q

Leptospira causes

A

Weil’s disease/ Hepatorenal syndrome/ Ictero-Hemorrhagic fever

37
Q

On culture of Leptospira on ____ medium, it produces ______

A

EMJH
Dinger’s ring (opaque ring just below surface of media seen on 9th day of culture)

38
Q

Diagnosis of Leptospira

A

Microscopic Agglutination test

39
Q

Chlamydia are called ATP parasites because

A

It takes ATP from host cells

40
Q

Chlamydia is an atypical bacteria because

A

It has no peptidoglycan cell wall
It cannot be cultured

41
Q

Chlamydia has ______ inclusions

A

Basophilic bacterial inclusions

42
Q

2 forms of chlamydia

A

Elementary body- for entry/ exit of cell- has DNA=RNA
Reticulate body- for replication- has RNA> DNA

43
Q

C. trachomatis causing diseases

A

C. trachomatis serotypes A, B, Ba, C causes trachoma
C. trachomatis serotypes D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K causes Non gonococcal urethritis, Inclusion conjunctivitis, Ophthalmia neonatorum
C. trachomatis serotypes L1, L2, L3 causes Lymphogranuloma venereum

44
Q

Borrelia causes

A

Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease
Borrelia causes relapsing fever

45
Q

Lyme disease is transmitted by bite of

A

Ixodid ticks/ hard ticks

46
Q

Localised infection of Lyme disease appearance

A

Bull’s eye/ annular/ target rash
(Erythema chronicum migrans)

47
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

‘ABCDEFG’
Asymptomatic usually
Buboes- painful LN
C. trachomatis L1, L2, L3; Conjunctivitis, Urethritis, Polyarthritis (Reiter’s syndrome)
Doxycycline tx
Esthiomene- rectal and vulvar strictures +
Freis test (skin test for LGV), Complication: Fitz Hugh Curtis Syndrome
Groove sign

48
Q

C. pneumoniae has one strain called

A

TWAR strain

49
Q

Halber staeder bodies seen in

A

Trachoma

49
Q

Rash in rickettsia start from ____ and goes to ____

A

Trunk–> peripheries
except RMSF- peripheries to trunk

49
Q

Levinthal Cole Lille bodies seen in

A

C. psittaci

50
Q

Rickettsiae causing diseases and their causative species with vectors
Epidemic typhus
Endemic typhus
Rickettsial pox
RMSF
Indian tick typhus
African tick typhus
Scrub typhus

A

Epidemic typhus- R. prowazekii- louse
Endemic typhus- R. typhi- flea
Rickettsial pox- R. akari- mite
RMSF- R. rickettsii- tick
Indian tick typhus- R. conori- tick
African tick typhus- R. africase- tick
Scrub typhus- Orientia tsutsugamushi- mite

51
Q

Brill Zinsser disease

A

Recrudescent typhus/ reactivation typhus
a/w Epidemic typhus

52
Q

Neil Mooser reaction

A

AKA Tunica reaction
To differentiate R. prowazekii vs R. typhi infection
Blood inoculated in guinea pig–> scrotal inflammation if R. typhi +

53
Q

Scrub typhus is vectored by larvae of ___ called _____. They are found in ____, carried by ____ and infect humans

A

Trombiculid mites
Chiggers
Vegetation/ shrubs
Rats/ squirrels

54
Q

Special stains for Rickettsia

A

Giemsa, Castaneda, Machiavello, Gimenez

55
Q

Chlamydia is not cultured in media because it is _______. It is instead grown in _______.

A

Obligate Intracellular pathogens
Cell lines, Hens eggs

56
Q

Weil felix reaction

A

Heterophile agglutination reaction
To find Rickettsial antibodies, Proteus antigens are used (OX19, OX2, OXK) as they cross react

57
Q

Only Rickettsial organism that shows positivity with OXK antigen in Weil felix reaction

A

Scrub typhus

58
Q

Rickettsial disease that doesnt show reaction with any antigens in Weil Felix tests

A

Brill Zinsser reaction

59
Q

Treatment of Rickettsial infections

A

Doxycycline/ Tetracycline

60
Q

Coxiella burnetii

A

Belongs to Rickettsia
Intracellular parasite
No vector, rash or Weil Felix reaction
Causes Q fever
Infection by inhalation
Donut granuloma/ Fibrin ring granuloma present
Tetracycline

61
Q

Bartonella baciliformis

A

Oroya fever/ Carrion fever
Sandfly vector

62
Q

Bartonella quintana

A

5 day fever/ trench fever
Louse as vector

63
Q

Bartonella henselae

A

Cat scratch disease
Bacillary angiomatosis
Peliosis (sinusoidal dilatation)
Stellate granuloma

64
Q

Mycoplasma

A

aka Eaton’s agent
Mnemonic: ‘Mycoplasma’
My- MCCof walking pneumonia, atypical
CAP
Co- cold agglutination test +
Cell wall absent; Cell membrane has sterols
Pla- PPLO- Pleuropneumonia like organism, uses PPLO agar which has fried egg colonies. Enhanced by Diene stain
Sma- smallest

65
Q

Campylobacter, Helicobacter are

A

Catalase and Oxidase +
Spiral organisms

66
Q

Campylobacter
1. Growth at
2. Media
3. Mode of infection
4. Features
5. shape of organism
6. Motility

A
  1. 42C
  2. Campy BAP/ SKIRROW/ BUTZLER agar- droplet like colonies
  3. Contaminated poultry eating
  4. Diarrhoea, GBS
  5. Comma shaped, Gullwing shaped
  6. Shooting star/ darting
67
Q

Helicobacter pylori causes maltoma via

A

cag A
vac A

68
Q

H. pylori causes what type of ca?

A

Adenoca

69
Q

Stains used for H. pylori

A

Warthin starry silver stain
Modified giemsa stain

70
Q

H. influenzae is more common among

A

In children between 3 mths and 3 years

71
Q

Factor V refers to ____.
Factor X refers to ______

A

NAD
Hemin

72
Q

Acute epiglottitis appearance on direct laryngoscopy

A

Cherry red epiglottis

73
Q

HACEK full form

A

Hemophilus sp (H. parainfluenzae, H. aphrophilus, H. paraphrophilus)
Aggregatibacter
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella

74
Q

Chancroid
1. AKA?
2. Diagnosis?
3. Treatment
4. IP

A
  1. Soft chancre
  2. Clinical diagnosis
  3. Azithromycin/ ceftriaxone
  4. 1-14 days
75
Q

Causes of non gonococcal urethritis

A

C. trachomatis
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Adenovirus
Trichomonas (rare)
HSV (rare)

76
Q

Koch Weeks bacillus

A

H. aegypticus

77
Q

Brazilian purpuric fever
1. caused by
2. Features
3. Treatment

A
  1. H. aegypticus
  2. Fever, purpura, contagious conjunctivitis- can lead to fulminant septicemia and death in infants and children
  3. Sulfonamides/ gentamicin

Microbiology (19 decks)

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