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Microbiology > Bacteriology- Bacillus, Clostridium, Diphtheriae > Flashcards

Bacteriology- Bacillus, Clostridium, Diphtheriae Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus anthracis is gram ?

A

positive

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2
Q

Bacillus anthracis is bioterrorism category?

A

A

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3
Q

Capsule of B. anthracis is made of?

A

Polypeptide (Glutamic acid)

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4
Q

Anthrax toxin includes

A
  1. Lethal factor- causes necrosis
  2. Edema factor- increases cAMP
  3. Protective antigen- for vaccine prep
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5
Q

Hide porter’s disease

A

Cutaneous anthrax
Eschar
Malignant pustule

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6
Q

Wool sorter disease

A

Pulmonary anthrax
Mediastinal widening

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7
Q

Other types of anthrax

A

cerebral, intestinal

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8
Q

Lab diagnosis of anthrax

A

Bamboo stick/ box car appearance on microscopy
Culture: PLET (polymyxin, lyzozyme, EDTA, Thallus acetate)– Frosted glass appearance on naked eye; microscopy- medusa head appearance
ELISA/ PCR

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9
Q

Tx for anthrax

A

Cirpofloxacin/ Doxycycline
For meningitis- 60 days antibiotics– Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem, Clindamycin
If systemic involvement- Monoclonal Ab added + antitoxin

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10
Q

Virulence factor for B. cereus

A

Lecithinase– can cause food poisoning

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11
Q

B. cereus food poisoning occurs d/t consumption of

A

Reheated starch rich food (eg. chinese fried rice)

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12
Q

Early emetic type of B. cereus poisoning can mimic
Delayed diarrhoeal type of B. cereus poisoning can mimic

A

Staph Enterotoxin
E.coli Labile toxin

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13
Q

B. cereus causes

A

Food poisoning
Pan ophthalmitis

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14
Q

Selective media for B cereus

A

MYPPA, PEMBA
Difference between the two is MYPPA contains Phenol red as stain, PEMBA contains Bromothymol blue

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15
Q

Culture characteristics of B cereus

A

Opalascent colonies

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16
Q

Tx for cereus

A

Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin

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17
Q

Clostridium difficile causes

A

Antibiotic asso pseudomembranous enterocolitis

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18
Q

Toxins of C. difficile

A

Toxin A- enterotoxin
Toxin B- Cytotoxin

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19
Q

Which antibiotics causes pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Aminopenicillins, penicillins, cephalosporins

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20
Q

When is the onset of pseudomembranous colitis?

A

5th day of administration of antibiotics

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21
Q

Selective media for difficile

A

CCFA agar, CCYA agar

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22
Q

Toxin of difficile can be demonstrated by ____ and toxin gene can be demonstrated by ____

A

ELISA
RT-PCR

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23
Q
A
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24
Q

DOC for difficile infection

A

Vancomycin
If failed– Fidaxomycin

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24
Q

Toxin of C. botulinum

A

Decreases release of ACh in NM junction

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25
Q

Types of Botulism

A

Wound botulism- spore from environment
Food borne botulism- toxin- (canned food)
Infant botulism- spore- honey

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26
Q

Clinical features of botulism

A

Diplopia
Dysarthria
Descending paralysis
Dysphagia
Decreased DTR

Flaccid paralysis
In babies– Floppy baby syndrome

27
Q

Tx for botulism, perfringens and tetani

A

Early stage: Penicillin
Late stage: Antitoxin

28
Q

Clostridium tetani
1. Shape
2. Motility
3. Characteristic in medium
4. Toxin

A
  1. Drumstick
  2. Stately
  3. Swarming on blood agar
  4. Tetanospasmin, Tetanolysin
29
Q

Tetanospasmin MOA

A

Inhibit release of GABA and Glycine in neuromuscular junction (presynaptically)
Prevents fusion of SNARE proteins– SNAP 25, Synaptobrevin, Syntaxin

So causes Spastic paralysis

30
Q

Clostridium perfringens
1. Motility
2. Capsule characteristics

A
  1. Non motile
  2. Antiphagocytic, Virulent, forms mucoid colonies, Serotypes (5 )
31
Q

Toxins produced by C. perfringens

A

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Theta
Alpha toxin has Lecithinase

32
Q

Diseases caused by Perfingens

A

Gas gangrene
Necrotizing fasciitis
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Necrotizing enteritis

Caused by Serotype A

Pigbel, Necrotizing enterocolitis caused by serotype C

33
Q

Lab diagnosis of perfringens

A

Target hemolysis- inner ring d/t theta toxin, outer- alpha toxin
Reverse CAMP test
Naegler’s reaction
Robertson cooked meat broth
Stormy clot on litmus milk

34
Q

Naegler’s reaction has ____ medium. The area with no antitoxin, _____ colonies are produced due to ____ toxin having ___ activity

A

egg based
opalescent
alpha
lecithinase

35
Q

Toxins that decrease protein synthesis

A

Diphtheriae toxin, Exotoxin A of pseudomonas– ADP phosphorylation of elongation factor 2

Shiga toxin of Shigella and Shiga like toxin of E. coli– inhibit 60S ribosome

36
Q

Diphtheriae toxin depends on what mineral?

A

Iron

37
Q

How is diphtheriae toxin converted to vaccine?

A

Toxoid form is made into vaccine ; by formalin + acidic pH

38
Q

C. diphtheriae shows ___ division

A

Snapping

39
Q

Media used for early diagnosis for diphtheria
Best media for diphtheria diagnosis

A

Early- Enriched media- Loeffler serum slope (8 hrs)
Best- Selective media- K tellurite agar, Tinsdale medium (48 hrs)

40
Q

What test is employed to check for toxigenicity of diphtheria bacteria?

A

Elek’s gel precipitation test
In center- filter paper with antitoxin. If precipitin line forms– + for toxigenic strain

41
Q

Schick test

A

To test for susceptibility of a person to Diphtheria
On injection of antigen, if rash develops– susceptible

42
Q
  1. Daisy head colonies by?
  2. Frog head colonies by?
  3. Poached egg colonies by?
A
  1. C. gravis
  2. C. intermedius
  3. C. mitis
43
Q

Lipophillic Corynebacterium species

A

C. Jeikeium
C. urealyticum

44
Q

Corynebacterium species seen in prosthetic valve endocarditis

A

C. jeikeium

45
Q

Non lipophillic Corynebacterium species

A

C. ulcerans
C. minutissimum
C. pseudotuberculosis

46
Q

Struvite stones show which Corynebacterium species

A

C. urealyticum

47
Q

Coral fluorescence on wood lamp examination is shown by

A

C. minutissimum

48
Q

Spores of clostridium vs bacillus

A

Bacillus have non bulging spores
Clostridium has bulging spores

49
Q

MC form of anthrax that is asso with bioterrorism

A

Pulmonary anthrax

50
Q

Serology of B. anthrax is tested by

A

Ascoli’s ring thermoprecipitin test

51
Q

Culture appearance of B. anthracis

A

Frosted glass appearance
Beaten egg appearance
Comet tail appearance
String of pearls app on Penicillin agar

52
Q

Inverted tree app on gelatin swab is shown by

A

B. anthracis

53
Q

Fir tree app on gelatin swab shown by

A

C. tetani

54
Q

Turnip/ napiform app on gelatin stab shown by

A

V. cholerae

55
Q

Emetic type of Cereus infection MOA

A

Increased cGMP

56
Q

Diarrhoeal type of cereus infection MOA

A

Increases cAMP

57
Q

Spore of B. cereus is present

A

centrally

58
Q

Tennis racket shaped spore

A

Clostridium tertium

59
Q

Non motile clostridium

A

C. tetani
C. perfringens

60
Q

Capsulated clostridium

A

C. perfringens
C. butyricum

61
Q

Which organism shows citron bodies

A

C. septicum

62
Q

Pigbel occurs d/t

A

C. perfringens
It is pork + sweet potatoes

63
Q

In Robertson cooked meat broth, what reaction does C. perfringens give?

A

Saccharolytic reaction (red/pink)

64
Q

First muscle to be affected by C. tetani

A

Masseter

65
Q

On Robertson cooked meat broth, appearance of C. tetani

A

Black, proteolytic reaction

66
Q
A

Microbiology (12 decks)

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