must study Flashcards
Perceptions
Any sensory stimuli of which humans, and perhaps other animals, become conscious
Chemoreceptors
Sensory receptors responsible for taste and smell
chemoreception is found almost universally in all animals
Thought to be the most primitive sense
Allows organisms to locate food, find a mate, detect dangerous environmental chemicals
Stereoscopic vision (depth perception)
Found in animals with two eyes facing forward
Common in predators; also in humans
Panoramic vision (no overlap of images)
Wide visual field
Common in prey animals
Rods permit vision in
low light
Cones permit vision in
BRIGHT LIGHT
Stimulation of rod cells results in
blurred vision
Vertigo
Feeling that a person or their environment is moving when no motion is occurring
What is controlled by the cillary muscle
shape of lens
3 layers of human eye
sclera, choroid, retina
visual accommodation
focusing starts at the cornea and continues as rays pass lens, providing this
blind spot
Where optic nerve exits retina, no vision is possible
Spaces between meninges are filled with
cerebrospinal fluid.
Parkinson disease
is a brain disorder characterized by tremors, speech, and difficulty standing and walking.
Results from loss of dopamine-producing cells in the basal nuclei
Pons
Contains axons that form a bridge between the cerebellum and the rest of the central nervous system
Somatic system
voluntary)
Includes paired cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Gather information from sensors and conduct decisions to effectors
Controls the skeletal muscles
Autonomic system
usually involuntary)
Controls the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
Innervates all internal organs
Divided into two divisions
Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
Utilizes two neurons and one ganglion for each impulse
Dendrites
receive signals from sensory receptors or other
neurons.
Motor (efferent) neurons
Accept nerve impulses from the CNS Transmit them to muscles or glands Multipolar
Acetylcholine
In CNS and PNS, excites skeletal but inhibits cardiac muscle
