chapter 22 fungi Flashcards
fungi
a eukaryotic organism that is mostly multi-cellular, includes over 100,000 species and has a saptrophic mode of nutrition.
three main stages in fungi reproduction in order
- haploid hyphae
- dikaryotic stage
- diploid sygote
characteristics of lichens
reproduction by fragmentation, has a fungal partner, and has a photosynthetic partner
smut
a corn infection, the mycelium of the fungus secretes chemicals that cause a tumor to develop on the corn plant
compact
crustose lichen
shrublike
fruticose lichens
leaflike
foliose lichens
zygomycota
fungi that reproduces asexually by forming windblown spores on stalked sporangia, and reproduces sexually via thick walled zygosporangia
basidium
during sexual reproduction in club fungi, spores develop this club-structured
mycorrhizae
are produced when a mutualistic relationship between fungal hyphae and roots of vascular plants happen
microsporidia
single celled, can infect fish, intracellular parasite, can infect humans, do not have mitochondria
the AM fungi
named for the branching invaginations that they produce when forming mycorrhizae with plant roots
chitin
a polymer of glucose that contains nitrogen and is found in the cell walls of fungi
what are some fungi that that are aclassified in the
basidiomycota, club fungi
ascomycota charcteritics
can be a yeast, mold, reproduce asexually and sexually,
spores
during both sexual and asexual reproduction fungi rely on these windblown ___ for dispersal of offspring
fruiting body
a spore producing and disseminating structure found in some sac and club fungi
mature mushroom in life cycle is
dikaryotic
zygote in basidium in life cycle is
diploid
basidiospores
haploid
fungi are more similar to what in terms of nutiriction
animals because they are both heterotrpohs
ascomycota
a group of fungi that produces spores in finger-like sacs called asci within a fruiting body; and includes morels, truffles, yeasts, and molds.
hyphae
is a single filament of a vegetative body of a fungus
what are some fungus that are classified as basidiomycota
rusts and smuts, stinkhorn, and puffballs
aspergillus
a mold and a safe model organism for genetic studies
also used to make soy sauce and miso
saccharomyces
a single-celled yeast tat serves as a a good model organism to study eukaryotic cells
also used for baking and brewing
penicililum
a mold used to develop anitbiotics
also used to make brie, stilton, and blue cheese
neurospora
the organism used to develop the “one gene one enzyme” hypothesis.
chytrids
the aquatic, primitive fungi with flagellated spores that may represent the most ancestral fungal lineage
budding
the asexual fungal reproductive mechanism shown by single celled yeast that involves a cell forming and then getting pinched off the parent cell
examples of parasitic symbiosis with sac fungi
fungi and dutch elm trees
geomyces and bats
animals are more closely related to
fungi
characteristics of chytrids
mostly single celled, aquatic, and gametes have flagella
opisthokonta
the super group where fungi and animals are located
microsporidia
a fungal group where single cells are obligate parasites to insects and vertabrates
septate
fungi in which hyphae are divided into distinct cells by cell walls
examples of single-celled fungi
microsporidia
chytridiomycota
