chapter 38 pp Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Perceptions

A

Any sensory stimuli of which humans, and perhaps other animals, become conscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Specialized cells capable of detecting changes in internal or external conditions, and of communicating that information to the central nervous system
Capable of facilitating sensory transduction (Conversion of an event (stimulus) occurring in the environment into a nerve impulse)
There is no difference between the nerve impulses carried by different types of sensory nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Interoceptors

A

receive stimuli from inside the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

exteroceptors

A

allow an animal to detect information in its environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Sensory receptors responsible for taste and smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Sensory receptors responsible for responding to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Sensory receptors stimulated by mechanical forces, such as pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Electromagnetic receptors

A

Respond to heat or light energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Sensory receptors stimulated by changes in temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chemoreception

A

is found almost universally in all animals.
Thought to be the most primitive sense
Allows organisms to locate food, find a mate, detect dangerous environmental chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Housefly chemoreceptors

A

are on their feet.
Can also detect airborne pheromones
Chemical messages passed between individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Snakes’ Jacobson’s organs

A

are in the roof of their mouths.

Send sensory information to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

taste buds

A

are located primarily on the tongue.
Taste buds open at a taste pore.
Taste buds have supporting cells and elongated taste cells that end in microvilli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Five primary tastes

A

Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami (savory)
Taste buds for each are located throughout the tongue, although certain regions may be more sensitive to particular tastes.
A food may stimulate more than one type of taste bud.
Brain surveys overall pattern of incoming impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

olfactory cells

A

human sense is dependent on this
Located within olfactory epithelium in the roof of the nasal cavity
Each cell ends in a tuft of cilia with receptor proteins for odor molecules.
Each cell has 1 out of 1,000 different types of receptor proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Photoreceptors

A

are sensory receptors that are sensitive to light.

17
Q

Planaria

A

Eyespots” allow them to sense and move away from light.

18
Q

Arthropods

A

Contain compound eyes composed of many independent ommatidia
Photoreceptors generate nerve impulses which pass to the brain by way of optic nerve fibers.
Insects have limited color vision compared to humans.
Many insects see some ultraviolet rays.
Allows them to see flower parts, nectar guides

19
Q

camera-type eye

A

in Vertebrates and certain molluscs

Single lens focuses an image of the visual field on closely packed photoreceptors.

20
Q

vertebrate lense vs mollusk lense

A

Vertebrate lens changes shape; molluscan lens moves back and forth.

21
Q

Stereoscopic vision

A

(depth perception)
Found in animals with two eyesfacing forward
Common in predators; also in humans

22
Q

Panoramic vision

A

(no overlap of images)
Wide visual field
Common in prey animals

23
Q

The Human Eye 3 Layers

A

Sclera-Opaque outer layer
Choroid – Thin middle layer
Retina – Inner layer

24
Q

Sclera

A

Fibrous layer covering most of the eye
In front of the eye, the sclera becomes the transparent cornea.
Conjunctiva – covers surface of the sclera and keeps the eyes moist

25
Q

Choroid – Thin middle layer

A

Contains blood vessels
In front of the eye, the choroid thickens to form the ciliary body and the iris.
The iris regulates the size of the pupil.
The lens helps form images.
Attached to the ciliary body by ligaments

26
Q

Retina – Inner layer

A

Contains photoreceptors called rod cells and cone cells
Contains the fovea centralis
Region of densely packed cone cells where light is focused
Vision is most acute

27
Q

Blind spot

A

Where optic nerve exits retina, no vision is possible

28
Q

ciliary muscle

A

Shape of lens is controlled by the ciliary muscle

29
Q

distant object

A

ciliary muscle is relaxed; lens remains flat

30
Q

far object

A

ciliary muscle is contracted; lens becomes more round

31
Q

Rods permit vision in

A

low light

Peripheral vision and perception of motion

32
Q

Cones permit vision in

A

bright light
Fine detail and color
Three types of cones, which contain B (blue), G (green), or R(red) pigments