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Anatomy > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

function of bones

A

structural support and protection
levers for movement
blood cell formation
storage for calcium

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2
Q

types of bones

A

compact

cancellous

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3
Q

classification of bones by shape

A 
long 
short
flat 
irregular 
sesamoid
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4
Q

parts of long bone

A 
diaphysis
epiphysis
articular cartilage
periosteum
medullary cavity
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5
Q

physiology of joints

A

joints allow movement
muscles create movement
ligaments/joint capsule limit movement

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6
Q

types of fibrous joints - immovable

A

suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis

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7
Q

types of cartilaginous joints - semi movable

A

primary

secondary

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8
Q

types of synovial joints - freely moveable

A 
plane 
hinge 
pivot 
condyloid
ellipsoid
saddle 
ball and socket
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9
Q

classification of joints

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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10
Q

descrive fibrous joints

A

soft tissue that unites the bones is a dense fibrous connective tissue
no joint cavity

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11
Q

describe primary cartilaginous joints

A

hyaline cartilage unites 2 bones
temporary union
no joint cavity

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12
Q

describe secondary cartilaginous joints

A

fibrocartilage in the form of a disc unites the 2 bones
discs can be quite thick - moderate movement
no joint cavity

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13
Q

describe synovial joints

A

articulating bones united by capsule - outer fibrous layer
inner synovial membrane layer
synovial cavity and fluid
articular cartilage covers articular surfaces

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14
Q

types of synovial joints

A 
ball and socket joint
hinge joint
pivot joint
gliding joint
saddle joint
condyloid joint
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15
Q

ball and socket joints

A

provides greatest range of movement

convex shape bone fits into concave shaped socket

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16
Q

examples of ball and socket joints

A

shoulder and hip joints

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17
Q

hinge joint

A

allows movement in one axes(uni-axial)

spool shaped bone and concave shaped bone

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18
Q

example of hinge joint

A

elbow joint

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19
Q

pivot joint

A

allows movement in one plane

surface of one bone is ring shaped and other bone is shaped to rotate within ring

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20
Q

example of pivot joint

A

proximal radioulnar joint

atlantoaxial joint

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21
Q

saddle joint

A

allows movement in 2 axes (biaxial)

both bones have convexity and concavity to its surface

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22
Q

example of saddle joint

A

carpometacarpal/sternoclavicular joint

23
Q

condyloid joints

A

Allows movement around two axes / within two planes

One bone is concave and the other convex

24
Q

example of condyloid joints

A

Metacarpophanlangeal (MCP) / Radiocarpal (wrist) joint

25
Q

plane/gliding joint

A

Allows movement to occur within a plane but does not occur around an axis
Surfaces of the bones are usually flat

26
Q

example of gliding joint

A

carpal bones

27
Q

major functions of muscular system

A

produce movement
heat production
maintain posture

28
Q

types of parallel muscle

A 
fusiform
sheet/flat
strap
convergent
circular
29
Q

types of pennate muscle

A

unipennate
bipennate
multipennate

30
Q

3 ways muscles attaches to bone

A

directly
through tendon
through aponeurosis

31
Q

tendon

A

Inelastic bundle of collagen fibres that attach muscle to bone

32
Q

aponeurosis

A

a flat tendon

sheath of fibrous tissue

33
Q

origin

A

more proximal attachment

34
Q

insertion

A

more distal attachment

35
Q

agonist

A

primarily responsible for generating movement in muscle

36
Q

antagonist

A

responsible for opposing movement of agonist

important for proper posture and controlling and finishing movements

37
Q

synergist

A

assist agonist in creating movement

muscles working to eliminate undesired joint movement of another muscle

38
Q

fixators

A

holds one segment still so a specific movement in an adjacent segment can occur

39
Q

types of contractions

A

isometric - same length

isotonic - same tension but different length

40
Q

types of isotonic contraction

A

concentric - shortening

eccentric - lengthening

41
Q

full range muscle work

A

shortest to longest possible length

42
Q

outer range muscle work

A

between longest length and midway point of range

43
Q

inner range of muscle work

A

between shortest length and midway point of range

44
Q

middle range of muscle work

A

between middle positions of inner and outer ranges

45
Q

tissues associated with synovial joint

A 
tendon
ligament
joint capsule
synovium
bursa
meniscus
46
Q

difference between tendon and ligaments

A

ligaments ireegularly arranged collagen fibres

can take on force from any direction

47
Q

tendon

A

Inert structure that does not contract
Type 1 collagen → parallel alignment → transmit forces from muscle to the bone
No elastic fibres

48
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendon

49
Q

ligaments

A

Collagen (70-80%) and elastic fibers

Irregularly arranged bundles of collagen fibers → accept tensile forces from several different directions

50
Q

function of ligaments

A

Attaches bone to bone
Often reinforces joint capsule
Provides passive stability to a jt., check / restrain too much mvmt

51
Q

joint capsule

A

Sheets of collagen fibres which form a fibrous cuff

52
Q

2 layers of joint capsule

A

Outer fibrous layer, strong, flexible, relatively inelastic, supported by ligs
Inner synovial layer – synovial membrane

53
Q

bursae

A

Small fluid filled sac between bone and tendon

Lubricating device / reduce friction

54
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of bursae

Anatomy (27 decks)

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