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Anatomy > muscles of back and anterior wall > Flashcards

muscles of back and anterior wall Flashcards

1
Q

primary curvature/kyphosis

A

thoracic and sacrum

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2
Q

secondary curvature/ lordosis

A

cervical

lumbar

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3
Q

causes of cauda equina syndrome

A

Midline (large) herniation

Trauma, tumour, haematoma

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4
Q

symptoms of cauda equina syndrome

A
  • Bilateral LL weakness
  • Numbness
  • Incontinence
  • Urgent surgical referral
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5
Q

ageing disc degeneration

A

less cartilage - more bone

heterotopic bone growth

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6
Q

symptoms of ageing disc

A

pain and nerve irritation

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7
Q

why would gait analysis be useful

A

for initial diagnosis

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8
Q

what conditions can gait analysis be useful for

A

Hemiplegic, antalgic, Trendelenberg, highstepping (foot-drop), festination (Parkinson’s)

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9
Q

what does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fasciae cover and what does it attach to

A

Covers erector spinae
Medially – attached to spinous processes of vertebrae (L&S)
Extends up to lower neck

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10
Q

what reinforces the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia

A

Reinforced by latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

what does the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and where does it extend to

A

Medially – is attached to tips of transverse
processes
Extends from iliac crest to 12th rib

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12
Q

where does the middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia lie between

A

Lies between erector spinae & quadratus

lumborum muscles

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13
Q

where does the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia attach to and extend to

A

• Medially – is attached to anterior aspect of transverse
processes
• Extends from iliac crest to rib 12

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14
Q

where does the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia lie anterior to

A

• Lies anterior to quadratus lumborum

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15
Q

to groups of the musculature of the back

A

extrinsic and intrinsic

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16
Q

what is the extrinsic group of the back muscle responsible for

A

limb movement and respiration

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17
Q

name the extrinsic musculature

A

a) Trapezius
b) Latissimus dorsi
c) Rhomboids(major/minor)
d) Levator scapulae

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18
Q

what is the intrinsic muscle responsible for

A

posture control column

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19
Q

name the intrinsic muscles

A

a) Erector spinae
b) Splenius muscles
c) Transversospinal muscles

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20
Q

how is is the extrinsic layer of the back muscle categorised

A

superficial and intermediate layer

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21
Q

superficial extrinsic layer

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Rhomboids
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22
Q

intermediate extrinsic layer

A

• Serratus posterior

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23
Q

what nerve is responsible for the trapezius superficial nerve

A

accessory nerve

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24
Q

what nerve is responsible for the latissimus dorsi

A 
Thoracodorsal nerve (C 6,7, 8)
Spinal injury
25
Q

what nerve is responsible for the rhomboids

A

dorsal scapular nerve

26
Q

purpose of intermediate muscle serratus posterior

A

accessory muscles of respiration

27
Q

where does splenius MUSCLES attach to and with what ligament

A

C7 - T6 ligamentum nuchae to the back of the neck

28
Q

where does the splenius cervicis attach to

A

to transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae

29
Q

where does the splenius capitis attach to

A

Mastoid process & superior nuchal line

30
Q

three columns of the erector spinae

A

iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis

31
Q

actions of the erector spinae - bilaterally

A

extend the head, or part or all of the vertebral column

32
Q

actions of the erector spinae - unilaterally

A

– laterally flex the head, or part or all of the

vertebral column

33
Q

actions of the erector spinae - longissimus

A

rotates head

34
Q

erector spinae actions

A
  • It straightens the flexed spine
  • It extends the spine posteriorly
  • Its slow eccentric contraction controls flexion
35
Q

transversospinalis

A

• Fibres run from transverse to spinous processes

36
Q

three main groups of short muscles

A

Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores

37
Q

where does the semispinalis overly

A

multifidus
transverse to spinous process
from lower thorax to base of skull

38
Q

three parts of the semispinalis

A
  • Semispinalis thoracis
  • Semispinalis cervicis
  • Semispinalis capitis
39
Q

where does the multifidus extend to

A

• Extend from upper sacrum to lower neck

40
Q

origins of multifidus

A

• Sacral, lumbar, thoracic & cervical vertebrae
• Transverse processes (or
eq.)

41
Q

insertions of multifidus

A
  • Tips of spinous processes

* 2 – 3 levels above origin

42
Q

actions of multifidus

A
  • Contracting bilaterally they extend trunk & stabilise spine
  • Unilaterally, they laterally flex & rotate the spine
43
Q

location of rotatores thoracis

A

Run from the transverse process to the base of the spinous process of the thoracic vertebra

44
Q

rectii of the back

A

Rectus capitus posterior major

Rectus capitus posterior minor

45
Q

obliques muscle of the back

A

Obliquus capitus superior

Obliquus capitus inferior

46
Q

layers of the anterior abdominal wall

A 
superficial fascia
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis 
transversalis fascia
extraperitoneal fascia
parietal peritoneum
47
Q

where does the external oblique muscle arise from

A

lower 8 ribs and cervical cartilages

48
Q

insertion of external oblique muscle

A

iliac crest
pubic tubercle
linea alba (middle line in abs)

49
Q

in what direction does the fibres of the external oblique run?

A

inferiorly and medially - hands in pockets

50
Q

what does the lower free edge of the external oblique form

A

inguinal ligament

51
Q

origin of internal oblique

A

thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
inguinal ligament

52
Q

insertion of the internal oblique muscles

A

Costal margin
Linea alba
Pectin pubis

53
Q

in what direction does the internal oblique run

A

Superiorly & medially

54
Q

where does the transversus abdominis arise

A

Lower 6 costal cartilages
Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Inguinal ligament

55
Q

insertion of transversus abdominis

A

Linea alba
Pubis symphysis
xiphoid process

56
Q

in what direction does the transversus abdominis run

A

transversely or horizontally

57
Q

origin of rectus abdominis

A

Pubic crest & Symphysis

58
Q

insertion of rectus abdominis

A

Insertion:

cc 5-7

59
Q

in what direction do rectus abdominis run

A

Vertically
Tendinous intersections
“Six pack”

Anatomy (27 decks)

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