Musculoskeletal lab Flashcards
What does proximal mean?
Nearer to the point of attachment of a limb/part
What does distal mean?
Further away from the point of attachment of a limb/part
What does medial mean?
Nearer to the mid-line of the body
What does lateral mean?
Further away from the midline of the body
What does superficial mean?
Towards the surface of the body
What does deep mean?
Away from the surface of the body
What does origin mean?
A muscles’ attachment to the bone that moves the least
What does insertion mean?
A muscles’ attachment to the bone that moves the most
What does flexion mean?
To decrease a joint angle
What does extension mean?
To increase a joint angle
What is the origin of the lateral iliotibial muscle?
Ilium of the pelvis
What 2 chicken leg muscle share the same tendon?
Medial and lateral knee flexor muscles
What muscle is beneath the lateral iliotibial muscle?
Iliofibular muscle
What is the posterior part of the knee flexor tendon comparable to in humans?
Achilles/calcaneal tendon
Is the origin of the lateral knee flexor dorsal or ventral to the origin of the medial knee flexor?
Dorsal
What is the ‘insertion’ point of muscle?
The attachment that moves the most
Where does the biceps femoris sit in the human thing?
Posterior and lateral
What is the ‘origin’ point of muscle?
The attachment that moves the least
What compartment of the thing is the biceps femoris in?
Posterior compartment
What 2 other muscles assist the movement of the biceps femoris?
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus
What 3 muscles make up the hamstring?
Biceps femoris, semimembranous and semitendinosus
What are biarticulate muscles?
Muscles that cross 2 joints
What is concentric contraction?
Muscle shortens (flexion) - contractile force is greater than external force
What is isometric contraction?
Muscle does not change in length - contractile force = external force
What is eccentric contraction?
Muscle lengthens (extension) - contractile force is less than external force
Describe the 6 stages of the gait cycle
Heel strike -> foot flat -> mid-stance -> push off -> toe off -> mid swing
What is the equivalent of the lateral iliotibial muscle in humans?
Gluteus maximus
What is the equivalent of the iliofibular muscle in humans?
Biceps femoris long head
What is the equivalent of the ‘sling’ in humans?
Biceps femoris short head
Contraction of what muscle in chickens causes extension at the hip joint?
Iliofibular
Contraction of what muscle in humans causes extension at the hip joint?
Biceps femoris long head
Contraction of what muscle in chickens causes flexion at the knee joint?
Iliofibular
Contraction of what muscle in humans causes flexion at the knee joint?
Biceps femoris short and long head
What type of contraction is occurring during a heel strike?
Eccentric
What type of contraction is occurring during a foot flat?
Isometric
What type of contraction occurs during mid-stance?
Concentric
What movement does contraction of the iliofibular muscle have on the hip joint?
Extension
What movement does contraction of the biceps femoris long head have on the hip joint?
Extension
What movement does contraction of the biceps femoris short head have on the hip joint?
No effect
What movement does contraction of the biceps femoris (both heads) have on the knee joint?
Flexion
The placement of the iliofubular muscle insertion results in what outcome for contractions?
Contraction with large amplitude movement at the knee, but little power
Insertion of the iliofibular muscle further down on the fibula would result in what outcome when contracted?
Contraction with a lower amplitude but higher power
What is the term for a muscle that assists the action of another muscle, and give an example in chickens in relation to the iliofibular muscle?
Synergist - medial and lateral knee flexor
What is the term for a muscle that hinders the action of another muscle, and give an example in relation to hamstring muscles?
Antagonist - quadriceps
What is the purpose of the sling?
Prevents bowstringing of the iliofibular muscle
What kind of prevention is the sling (active/passive)?
Passive
What does the lateral knee flexor muscle prevent?
Bowstringing of the iliofibular muscle
What kind of prevention is the lateral knee flexor (active/passive)?
Active
What is the insertion point of the lateral and medial knee flexor muscles?
Tibiotarsus
