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Medsci142 > Musculoskeletal lab > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal lab Flashcards

1
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

Nearer to the point of attachment of a limb/part

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2
Q

What does distal mean?

A

Further away from the point of attachment of a limb/part

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3
Q

What does medial mean?

A

Nearer to the mid-line of the body

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4
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

Further away from the midline of the body

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5
Q

What does superficial mean?

A

Towards the surface of the body

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6
Q

What does deep mean?

A

Away from the surface of the body

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7
Q

What does origin mean?

A

A muscles’ attachment to the bone that moves the least

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8
Q

What does insertion mean?

A

A muscles’ attachment to the bone that moves the most

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9
Q

What does flexion mean?

A

To decrease a joint angle

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10
Q

What does extension mean?

A

To increase a joint angle

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11
Q

What is the origin of the lateral iliotibial muscle?

A

Ilium of the pelvis

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12
Q

What 2 chicken leg muscle share the same tendon?

A

Medial and lateral knee flexor muscles

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12
Q

What muscle is beneath the lateral iliotibial muscle?

A

Iliofibular muscle

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13
Q

What is the posterior part of the knee flexor tendon comparable to in humans?

A

Achilles/calcaneal tendon

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14
Q

Is the origin of the lateral knee flexor dorsal or ventral to the origin of the medial knee flexor?

A

Dorsal

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15
Q

What is the ‘insertion’ point of muscle?

A

The attachment that moves the most

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16
Q

Where does the biceps femoris sit in the human thing?

A

Posterior and lateral

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16
Q

What is the ‘origin’ point of muscle?

A

The attachment that moves the least

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17
Q

What compartment of the thing is the biceps femoris in?

A

Posterior compartment

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17
Q

What 2 other muscles assist the movement of the biceps femoris?

A

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus

17
Q

What 3 muscles make up the hamstring?

A

Biceps femoris, semimembranous and semitendinosus

17
Q

What are biarticulate muscles?

A

Muscles that cross 2 joints

18
Q

What is concentric contraction?

A

Muscle shortens (flexion) - contractile force is greater than external force

19
Q

What is isometric contraction?

A

Muscle does not change in length - contractile force = external force

20
Q

What is eccentric contraction?

A

Muscle lengthens (extension) - contractile force is less than external force

21
Q

Describe the 6 stages of the gait cycle

A

Heel strike -> foot flat -> mid-stance -> push off -> toe off -> mid swing

22
Q

What is the equivalent of the lateral iliotibial muscle in humans?

A

Gluteus maximus

23
Q

What is the equivalent of the iliofibular muscle in humans?

A

Biceps femoris long head

24
Q

What is the equivalent of the ‘sling’ in humans?

A

Biceps femoris short head

25
Q

Contraction of what muscle in chickens causes extension at the hip joint?

A

Iliofibular

26
Q

Contraction of what muscle in humans causes extension at the hip joint?

A

Biceps femoris long head

27
Q

Contraction of what muscle in chickens causes flexion at the knee joint?

A

Iliofibular

28
Q

Contraction of what muscle in humans causes flexion at the knee joint?

A

Biceps femoris short and long head

29
Q

What type of contraction is occurring during a heel strike?

A

Eccentric

30
Q

What type of contraction is occurring during a foot flat?

A

Isometric

31
Q

What type of contraction occurs during mid-stance?

A

Concentric

32
Q

What movement does contraction of the iliofibular muscle have on the hip joint?

A

Extension

33
Q

What movement does contraction of the biceps femoris long head have on the hip joint?

A

Extension

34
Q

What movement does contraction of the biceps femoris short head have on the hip joint?

A

No effect

35
Q

What movement does contraction of the biceps femoris (both heads) have on the knee joint?

A

Flexion

36
Q

The placement of the iliofubular muscle insertion results in what outcome for contractions?

A

Contraction with large amplitude movement at the knee, but little power

37
Q

Insertion of the iliofibular muscle further down on the fibula would result in what outcome when contracted?

A

Contraction with a lower amplitude but higher power

38
Q

What is the term for a muscle that assists the action of another muscle, and give an example in chickens in relation to the iliofibular muscle?

A

Synergist - medial and lateral knee flexor

39
Q

What is the term for a muscle that hinders the action of another muscle, and give an example in relation to hamstring muscles?

A

Antagonist - quadriceps

40
Q

What is the purpose of the sling?

A

Prevents bowstringing of the iliofibular muscle

41
Q

What kind of prevention is the sling (active/passive)?

A

Passive

42
Q

What does the lateral knee flexor muscle prevent?

A

Bowstringing of the iliofibular muscle

43
Q

What kind of prevention is the lateral knee flexor (active/passive)?

A

Active

44
Q

What is the insertion point of the lateral and medial knee flexor muscles?

A

Tibiotarsus

Medsci142 (15 decks)

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