Muscles of the Loin, Hip, and Thigh Flashcards
Sacrotuberous ligament
Courses from transverse processes of last sacral and first caudal vertebrae to lateral angle of ischiatic tuberosity
Attachment site for: biceps femoris m., superficial gluteal m., piriformis m., abductor cruris caudalis m.
Muscles of the hamstrings
Biceps femoris m.
Semitendinosus m.
Semimembranosus m.
Biceps femoris m.
O: Ischiatic tuberosity; sacrotuberous ligament (dog)
I: Patella via fascia lata and crural fascia; cranial border of the tibia; tuber calcanei via common calcanei tendon
N: Sciatic n.
A: Whole muscle - abduct and extend limb
Cranial part - extend hip and stifle
Caudal part - flex the stifle
Common calcaneal tendon - extend tarsus
When limb is on ground - powerful thrust on trunk
Semitendinosus m.
O: Ischiatic tuberosity
I: Medial surface of body of tibia; tuber calcanei via common calcaneal tendon
N: Sciatic n.
A: Extend hip and stifle, flex hock
Semimebranosus m.
O: Ischiatic tuberosity
I: Distomedial femur; proximal tibia
N: Sciatic n.
A: Extend hip, flex stifle
Caudal crural abductor m.
O: Dog - ischiatic tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament
Cat - Ca 1 or Ca 2
I: Crural fascia
N: Sciatic n.
A: Abduct the pelvic limb
Sartorius m. - Dog
O: Cranial part - iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia
Caudal part - tuber coxae
I: Cranial part - patella
Caudal part - cranial border of tibia
N: Femoral n.
A: Cranial part - flex hip, extend stifle
Caudal part - flex hip, flex stifle
Sartorius m. - Cat
O: Iliac crest and wing of ilium
I: Patella and cranial border of tibia
N: Femoral n.
A: Cranial part - flex hip, extend stifle
Caudal part - Flex hip, flex stifle
Gracilis m.
O: Pelvic symphysis
I: Cranial border of tibia; tuber calcanei
N: Obturator n.
A: Adduct pelvic limb, flex stifle, extend hip, extend hock
Pectineus m.
O: Iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle via prepubic tendon
I: Distal medial end of femur
N: Obturator n.
A: Adduct pelvic limb
Adductor
O: Pelvic symphysis, ischiatic arch, ventral pubis and ischium
I: Caudal rough face of femur
N: Obturator n.
A: Adduct pelvic limb, extend hip
Femoral triangle
Boundaries:
Proximal - inguinal ligament
Cranial - sartorius m., caudal belly
Caudal - pectineus m.
Medial - medial femoral fascia
Lateral - iliopsoas and vastus medialis mm.
Associated structures:
-Saphenous n.
-Femoral a.
-Femoral v.
Tensor fasciae latae m.
O: Tuber coxae
I: Fascia lata
N: Cranial gluteal n.
A: Flex hip, extend stifle
Superficial gluteal m.
O: Sacrum, Ca1 vertebra, sacrotuberous ligament
I: 3rd trochanter of femur
N: Caudal gluteal n.
A: Extend hip
Middle gluteal m.
O: Crest and gluteal surface of ilium
I: Greater trochanter of femur
N: Cranial gluteal n.
A: Extend hip, abduct limb at hip
Piriformis m.
O: Lateral surface of 3rd sacral and 1st caudal vertebrae
I: Greater trochanter of femur with middle gluteal m.
N: Cranial gluteal n.
A: Extend the hip, abduct limb at hip
Deep gluteal m.
O: Body of ilium and ischiatic spine
I: Greater trochanter of femur
N: Cranial gluteal n.
A: Extend hip, abduct limb at hip, rotate pelvic limb medially
Cranial crural abductor m.
O: Ca 2-4
I: Fascia lata
N: Caudal gluteal n.
A: Abduct limb at hip
Not present in dogs; located between superficial gluteal and biceps femoris
Internal obturator m.
O: Pelvic symphysis and dorsal surface of ischium and pubis
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
N: Sciatic n.
A: Rotate pelvic limb laterally at hip
Gemelli mm.
O: Lateral surface of ischium, caudal to acetabulum
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
N: Sciatic n.
A: Rotate pelvic limb laterally at hip
Quadratus femoris m.
O: Ventral surface of caudal part of ischium
I: Intertrochanteric crest of femur
N: Sciatic n.
A: Extend hip, rotate pelvic limb laterally at hip
External obturator m.
O: Ventral surface of pubis and ischium
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
N: Obturator n.
A: Rotate the pelvic limb laterally at hip
Rectus femoris m.
O: Ilium - cranial to acetabulum
I: Tibial tuberosity
N: Femoral n.
A: Flex hip, extend stifle
Muscle of the quadriceps femoris m.
Vastus lateralis m.
O: Craniolateral part of proximal femur
I: Tibial tuberosity
N: Femoral n.
A: Extend stifle
Muscle of the quadriceps femoris m.
Vastus medialis m.
O: Proximal medial femur
I: Tibial tuberosity
N: Femoral n.
A: Extend the stifle
Muscle of the quadriceps femoris m.
Vastus intermedius m.
O: Proximal lateral femur
I: Tibial tuberosity
N: Femoral n.
A: Extend stifle
Psoas minor m.
O: T13, L1-L5 vertebrae
I: Arcuate line and iliopubic eminence
N: Lumbar nn.
A: Steepen the pelvis, flex the lumbar vertebrae
Psoas major m.
O: Transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae L2-L7
I: Lesser trochanter of femur
N: Lumbar nn., femoral n.
A: Flex the hip
Part of iliopsoas m.
Iliacus m.
O: Ventral surface of ilium between arcuate line and lateral border of ilium
I: Lesser trochanter of femur
N: Lumbar nn., femoral n.
A: Flex the hip
Part of the iliopsoas m.
Quadratus lumborum m.
O: T11-13, L1-L7 vertebrae
I: Wing of ilium
N: Lumbar nn.
A: Fix the lumbar vertebrae
