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Gross Anatomy > Heart and Pericardium > Flashcards

Heart and Pericardium Flashcards

1
Q

Heart position

A

Dog: 3rd rib to 6th intercostal space
Cat: 3rd or 4th rib to the 6th or 7th
Base of heart is located dorsally, apex located ventrally, caudally, and usually toward the left (formed by L ventricle)

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2
Q

Layers of heart

A

Epicardium - outer layer of heart; serous membrane (mesothelium, loose CT)
Myocardium - middle layer (thickest); cardiac muscle, CT, nerves, blood vessels
Endocardium - inner layer; endothelium and CT

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3
Q

Pericardium

A

Fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels

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4
Q

Clinical pericardium

A

Pericardial mediastinal pleura - outer serous layer
Fibrous pericardium - middle fibrous layer
Parietal pericardium - inner serous layer

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5
Q

Anatomical pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Pericardial cavity
Visceral pericardium/epicardium

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6
Q

Phrenicopericardial ligament

A

Connects fibrous pericardium to sternal part of diaphragm

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7
Q

Atrial surface

A

Surface of heart facing the right side of thorax
Right atrium is visible

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8
Q

Auricular surface

A

Surface of the heart facing the left side of thorax
Both auricles are visible

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9
Q

Coronary groove

A

Between the atria and ventricles
Contains coronary vessels

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10
Q

Interventricular grooves

A

Between the right and left ventricles at the location of the interventricular groove
Paraconal interventricular groove - on the auricular surface
Subsinuosal interventricular groove - on atrial surface; caudally located

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11
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Remnant of foramen ovale (fetal structure)
Located caudal to intervenous tubercle

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12
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

Fibromuscular cords that attach cusps to papillary muscles

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13
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Conical muscular projections in the ventricles
Give rise to chordae tendineae

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14
Q

Conus arteriosus

A

Narrowing or coning down of terminal part of right ventricle; outflow tract of right ventricle

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15
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply cardiac muscles
Arise from ascending aorta at the right and left aortic sinuses

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16
Q

Left coronary artery

A

Arises from left aortic sinus. Gives rise to:
-Paraconal interventricular br. - courses in paraconal interventricular groove
-Circumflex br. of left coronary a. - courses in coronary groove; gives rise to subsinuosal interventricular br. in subsinuosal interventricular groove (in dogs)

17
Q

Right coronary artery

A

Arises from right coronary sinus; gives rise to:
-Circumflex br. of right coronary a. - courses in coronary groove and supplies blood to right free wall of heart

18
Q

Great cardiac v.

A

Arises near the apex of the heart and ascends in the interventricular groove, then courses within coronary groove to drain into coronary sinus in the right atrium

19
Q

Middle cardiac (coronary) v.

A

Ascends in subsinuosal interventricular groove and drains into coronary sinus

20
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum

A

Remnant of the fetal structure ductus arteriosus
Attaches pulmonary trunk to aorta

21
Q

Puncta maxima of cardiac valves in dogs

A

Pulmonary valve - Left 3rd intercostal space
Aortic valve - Left 4th intercostal space
Left AV (mitral) valve - Left 5th intercostal space
Right AV (tricuspid) valve - 3rd or 4th intercostal space

22
Q

Puncta maxima of cardiac valves in cats

A

Pulmonary valve - high in left 4th intercostal space
Aortic valve - high in left 4th intercostal space
Left AV (mitral) valve - over left 6th costal cartilage
Right AV (tricuspid) valve - low in right 5th intercostal space

23
Q

Umbilical arteries

A

Arise from internal iliac arteries (terminal branches of aorta)
Carry less-oxygenated blood from the fetus to placental circulation

24
Q

Umbilical veins

A

Paired in umbilical cord; become a single umbilical vein in fetal abdomen and course to liver
Carry oxygen and nutrient-rich blood from placenta to fetus

25
Q

Fetal bypass structures

A

Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus

26
Q

Ductus venosus

A

Connects umbilical vein with caudal vena cava
Blood by-passes liver
Ligamentum venosum in adults

27
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Shunts blood from right atrium to left atrium
Blood by-passes pulmonic circulation
Fossa ovalis in adults

28
Q

Ductus arteriosus

A

Shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta
Blood by-passes pulmonic circulation
Ligamentum arteriosum in adults

29
Q

PDA

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus; condition in which the ductus arteriosus remains open after birth. In some cases allows poorly oxygenated blood to flow in the wrong direction

Gross Anatomy (37 decks)

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